Russian exonyms

Russian exonyms

Below is a list of Russian language exonyms for places in Europe. Note that this list only includes names that are significantly different from the local toponym, some exonyms are marked as historical, modern exonyms may match the toponyms.

Albania

"Албания (Albaniya)/Shqipëria"
*Tiranë, Tirana Тирана/Tirana

Austria

"Австрия (Avstriya)/Österreich"
*Wien Вена/Vena

Czechia (Czech Republic)

"Чехия (Chekhiya)/Česko"
*Praha Прага/Praga

Denmark

"Дания (Daniya)/Danmark"
*København Копенгаген/Kopengagen

Estonia

"Эстония (Estoniya)/Eesti"
*Narva, Нарва, historically Ругодив/Rugodiv
*Tallinn Таллинн, Таллин, historically Колывань/Kolyvan'

France

"Франция (Frantsiya)/France"
*Nice Ницца/Nitsa
*Paris Париж/Parizh
*Marseille Марсель/Marsel'
*Toulouse Тулуза/Tuluza
*Cannes Канны/Kanny

Germany

"Германия (Germaniya)/Deutschland"
*Hamburg Гамбург/Gamburg
*Halle (Saale) Галле/Galle
*Hannover Ганновер/Gannover
*Leipzig Лейпциг/Leyptsig

Greece

"Греция (Gretsiya)/Ελλάδα (Elláda), Ελλάς (Ellás)"
*Athina Афины/Afiny
*Kórinthos Коринф/Korinf

Italy

"Италия (Italiya)/Italia"
*Firenze Флоренция/Florentsiya
*Genova Генуя/Genuya
*Milano Милан/Milan
*Napoli Неаполь/Neapol'
*Padua Падуя/Paduya
*Roma Рим/Rim
*Trieste Триест/Triest
*Torino Турин/Turin

Latvia

"Латвия (Latviya)/Latvija"
*Koknese, Кокнесе (Koknese), historically Кукейнос/Kukeinos

Lithuania

"Литва (Litva)/Lietuva"
*Kaunas Каунас (Kaunas), historically Ковно/Kovno (before 1918)
*Vilnius Вильнюс (Vilnius), historically Вильна/Vilna (before 1918)

Moldova

"Молдова (Moldova), Молдавия (Moldaviya)/Moldova"
*Chişinău Кишинёв/Kishinyov
*Tighina Бендеры/Bender'

The Netherlands

"Нидерланды (Niderlandy), Голландия (Gollandiya)/Nederland, Holland"
*Den Haag Гаага/Gaaga

Poland

"Польша (Pol'sha)/Polska"
*Białystok Белосток/Belostok
*Kraków Краков/Krakov
*Łódź Лодзь/Lodz'

Portugal

"Португалия (Portugaliya)/Portugal"
*Lisboa Лиссабон/Lissabon

Romania

"Румыния (Rumyniya)/România"
*Bucureşti Бухарест/Bukharest
*Tulcea Тулча/Tulcha

erbia

"Сербия (Serbiya)/Србија, Srbija"
*Beograd Белград/Belgrad

weden

"Швеция (Shvetsiya)/Sverige"
*Stockholm Стокгольм/Stokgol'm, historically Стекольня/Stekol'nya

witzerland

"Швейцария (Shveytsariya)/Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera, Svizra"
*Genève, Genf Женева/Zheneva
*Lausanne Лозанна/Lozanna

Turkey

"Турция (Turtsiya)/Türkiye"
*Istanbul Стамбул/Stambul, historically Царьград/Tsargrad

Ukraine

"Many of the differences are expected due to phonetic and spelling differences between Russian and Ukrainian."

"Украина (Ukraina)/Україна (Ukrayina)"

*Київ (Kyiv) Киев/Kiev
*Харкiв (Kharkiv) Харьков/Khar'kov
*Одеса (Odesa) Одесса/Odessa
*Донецьк (Donets'k) Донецк/Donetsk
*Львiв (L'viv) Львов/L'vov
*Кривий Ріг (Kryvyi Rih) Кривой Рог/Krivoy Rog
*Миколаїв (Mykolayiv) Николаев/Nikolayev
*Чернігів (Chernihiv) Чернигов/Chernigov
*Вінниця (Vinnytsia) Винница/Vinnitsa
*Чорнобиль (Chornobyl') Чернобыль/Chernobyl'
*Запоріжжя (Zaporizhzhya) Запорожье/Zaporozh'ye
*Луганськ (Luhans'k) Луганск/Lugansk

Non-European cities

"Incomplete list"

*東京 (Tōkyō) Токио/Tokio
*横浜 (Yokohama) Иокогама/Iokogama (seldom: Йокохама/Yokohama)
*京都 (Kyōto) Киото/Kioto
*北京 (Běijīng) Пекин/Pekin (seldom: Бэйцзин/Beytszyn)
*香港 (Hēunggóng, Xiānggǎng) Гонконг/Gonkong (also: Сянган/Syangan)
*南京 (Nánjīng ) Нанкин/Nankin (also: Наньцзин/Nan'tzin)
*哈尔滨 (Hāěrbīn) Харбин/Kharbin (Russian "kha" = Chinese "ha")
*القاهرة (al-Qāhirah) Каир/Kair
*طرابلس (Ṭarābulus) Триполи/Tripoli
*دمشق (Dimašq) Дамаск/Damask
*กรุงเทพฯ (Krung Thep) Бангкок/Bangkok

ee also

*List of European exonyms


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