Montevideo Maru

The Montevideo Maru was a Japanese auxiliary ship that was sunk in World War II, resulting in the drowning of a large number of Australian prisoners of war and civilians being transported from Rabaul. Prior to the war, it operated as a passenger and cargo vessel, traveling mainly between Asia and South America.

Sinking

Montevideo Maru c. 1941

On 22 June 1942, some weeks after the fall of Rabaul to the Japanese, 845 prisoners of war mostly from the Australian Army's Lark Force, and 208 civilian internees, were embarked from that port onto the ship. She was proceeding without escort to the Chinese island of Hainan, when she was sighted by the American submarine USS Sturgeon near the northern Philippine coast on 30 June.

The Sturgeon pursued, but was unable to fire, as the target was traveling at 17 knots.^[1] However, it slowed to about 12 knots at midnight; according to crewman Yosiaki Yamaji, it was to rendezvous with an escort of two destroyers.^[1] Unaware that it was carrying Allied prisoners of war and civilians, the Sturgeon fired four torpedoes at the Montevideo Maru, sinking it before dawn of 1 July. According to Yamaji, Australians in the water sang "Auld Lang Syne" to their trapped mates as the ship sank beneath the waves.^[2]

The sinking is the worst maritime disaster in Australia's history. Of the ship's total complement of about 1,140 (including 88 crew), there were reportedly only 18 survivors (all crewmen), one of whom died soon afterwards. Among the missing was Reverend Syd Beazley of the Methodist Mission, the uncle of former Australian Labor Party opposition leader Kim Beazley.^[3] Another was the grandfather of former Midnight Oil lead singer and current Australian Minister for Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Peter Garrett. One individual, Richard Kingsmill Pennefather Moore, had served in the Imperial Camel Corps as a Lieutenant. Also amongst those lost were 22 Salvation Army bandsmen, the majority being members of the Brunswick Citadel band.^[4] The bandsmen had enlisted together and comprised the majority of the band of the 2/22nd Battalion.

Memorials

A memorial to those who lost their lives was erected at the Repatriation Hospital, Bell Street, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria (Australia). A Montevideo Maru memorial has also been erected near the centre of the Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial in Ballarat, Victoria. A commemoration service was held at the unveiling of the memorial on 7 February 2004.^[5][6]

In late January 2010, Federal Member of Parliament, Stuart Robert, called upon the then Prime Minister of Australia, Kevin Rudd, to back the search for Montevideo Maru, in the same way that he had supported the search for AHS Centaur.^[7]

The song "In the Valley" from the album Earth and Sun and Moon by Australian pop/rock band Midnight Oil opens with the line, "My grandfather went down on the Montevideo/The Rising Sun sent him floating to his rest,"^[8] sung by Peter Garrett.

Controversy

Some have questioned whether some or all of the POWs were aboard the ship and not massacred earlier. Others believe that some of the Australians survived, only to die later.^[2] Of the known survivors, the only one to ever be questioned was Mr. Yamaji. In a 2003 The 7:30 Report interview, he stated that he was told that some of the POWs had been picked up and taken to Kobe.^[2] However, Professor Hank Nelson pointed out that it was unlikely that any Japanese ship would have stopped to rescue prisoners with a hostile submarine nearby.^[2]

See also

• List by death toll of ships sunk by submarines

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Rod Miller (2003). "The Montevideo Maru". montevideomaru.info. http://www.montevideomaru.info/Montevideo/html/Montevideo%20Maru.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-25. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Mark Simkin (October 6, 2003). "Silence broken on Australia's worst maritime disaster". The 7:30 Report. http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2003/s961016.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-25. 
3. ^ "House of Representatives Official Hansard". No. 10, 2010 FORTY-SECOND PARLIAMENT FIRST SESSION—EIGHTH PERIOD. COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA. 21 June 2010. pp. 71, 214. http://www.aph.gov.au/hansard/reps/dailys/dr210610.pdf. Retrieved 16 August 2010. 
4. ^ One Bloke's Story, Rob Mitchell, page 22
5. ^ Montevideo Maru Memorial at Ballarat POW Memorial, Lost Lives, accessed 29 January 2010
6. ^ Montevideo Maru, Lost Lives quoting Margaret Reeson, A Very Long War: The Families Who Waited, MUP, 2000; accessed 29 January 2010
7. ^ Now for Montevideo Maru, Stuart Robert MP, ABC Online, 29 January 2010
8. ^ In The Valley, midnight-oil.info, accessed 29 January 2010

External links

• People of the Plaque, a tribute to civilians from New Ireland who died in the war
• A Story of the Salvos, Compass, ABC television, 20 April 2008
• Lark Force, part of the Australian Army garrison on Rabaul