Martha Wayne

Martha Wayne
Publication information
Publisher	DC Comics
First appearance	Detective Comics #33 (November 1939)
Created by	Bill Finger [1] Gardner Fox[1] Bob Kane
In-story information
Full name	Martha Wayne
Supporting character of	Batman
Notable aliases	Martha Kane

Martha Wayne (née Kane)^[2] is a fictional character of the Batman series of comic books, published by DC Comics. She is Dr. Thomas Wayne's wife and mother of Bruce Wayne. When she and her husband are murdered during a holdup, young Bruce swears to avenge their deaths by fighting crime. As an adult, he fulfills his vow by becoming Batman.^[3]

Background

Martha Wayne first appeared in Detective Comics #33 (November 1939) in a story by Bob Kane and Bill Finger which detailed the origin of the Batman. Initially little more than a cipher whose death inspired her heroic son, later comics would expand upon her history.

Born Martha Kane (a maiden name given in homage to Batman co-creator Bob Kane), Martha was the heir to the Kane Chemical fortune and a member of one of Gotham City's wealthiest families. It has not been revealed whether she has any connection to the other prominent Kanes of Gotham, Kathy (Batwoman) or Bette (Flamebird). Despite her Irish-Catholic background, in her youth, Martha had a reputation as a notorious party girl, socialite, and debutante, frequenting all the most prestigious country clubs, night clubs, and soirees. However, she also had a developed social conscience and often used her family's wealth and status to champion causes and charities.

As revealed in the miniseries Batman: Family by John Francis Moore, Martha's closest friend in those days was a woman named Celia Kazantkakis. Both were renowned for their beauty, which caught the attention of a gangster named Denholm. Martha dated Denholm for a time prior to meeting Thomas Wayne, though she was unaware of his true nature at the time. Celia, who had had previous dealings with Denholm, became very protective of her friend and conspired to get this thug out of her life.^[4] However, in the process it came to light just why Celia was familiar with him. Celia, it turned out, was a criminal herself and had been embezzling money from an orphanage that was one of Martha's charities. She attempted to hide the evidence of this by setting fire to the building but Martha discovered her duplicity. Before Celia departed for her family's home in Greece, Martha threatened to expose her should she ever return to Gotham.

(In fact, Celia would return to Gotham many years later, as "Athena," the leader of a criminal cartel. In this guise, she attempted to stage a coup of Wayne Enterprises,^[4] until Batman discovered the true nature of his mother's history with Celia and defeated her.)

Shortly after Celia's departure, Martha met and fell in love with prominent physician and philanthropist Dr. Thomas Wayne. They were wed soon after and Martha eventually gave birth to a son, Bruce.

Though mention of Martha's occupation is small, some stories have indicated that, like Bruce, she was unable to allow the crime of Gotham to continue unabated. This Martha Wayne fought against the abuse of Gotham's children and against the trafficking of children around the globe. She headed a covert detection agency with help from Commissioner Gordon and the family butler Alfred--their goals were to stem abuse against children, in the hopes that those children would not grow up to turn into abusers and criminals themselves. Learning of his mother's mission prior to death, Batman gained further inspiration and motive for helping the innocent of Gotham.

Murder

When Bruce was eight years old, his parents took him to a screening of a Zorro movie at a cinema in Gotham's Park Row. Returning to the car through an alley, they were confronted by a lone gunman, who attempted to steal Martha's pearl necklace, an anniversary gift from Thomas. In the ensuing struggle, the thief shot both the Waynes dead (later versions of the story claimed that only Thomas was shot and Martha had in fact died of a shock stroke. This retcon was still later undone). In the wake of this tragedy, Park Row was given the nickname "Crime Alley."

The identity of the Waynes' killer has varied through different versions of the Batman story. Initially, he was said to be a criminal named Joe Chill. Later retellings would claim that Chill had been hired by gangster Lew Moxon, an enemy of Thomas Wayne, and told to make the killings look like a robbery. After DC Comics' history-altering Zero Hour series, this interpretation was abandoned in favor of the Waynes' deaths being a random street crime. The killer was thought to have never been caught, adding to the tragedy and universality of Batman's origin. After the further continuity tweaks of the Infinite Crisis miniseries, DC has once again returned to the Joe Chill interpretation.

Since her death, Martha Wayne has only appeared in the Batman series in flashback and in the occasional out-of-body experience or hallucination. Her most significant appearance in this latter category is in the miniseries Batman: Death and the Maidens by Greg Rucka. In this story, Batman ingests an elixir given to him by his enemy, Ra's al Ghul, and believes he is having a conversation with his dead parents. Martha is depicted here as a beautiful woman whose face is marred by a bleeding bullet wound, suggesting that Bruce remembers her this way because he has become 'focused' on her death rather than her life, the wound vanishing after she forces him to acknowledge that issue. Martha strongly disapproves of her son's costumed crusade, fearing he has thrown away his chance for happiness, although her husband notes that they disapprove of what being Batman has cost Bruce rather than disapproving of Batman himself. As she and Thomas depart, however, they assure Bruce that just because the passing of time has lessened his grief does not mean that he no longer cares for them, and, as a result, Bruce is able to accept that he is Batman because he chooses to be, not because he has to be.

In Jeph Loeb's Batman stories, Bruce feels responsible for his parents' murder because he advised Martha to wear the infamous pearl necklace the night she was murdered. Had she not worn it, the mugger might have not killed them, or even have been attracted to them. In Death and the Maidens she claims that the pearls were in fact fakes, and that she wouldn't have worn real ones simply to go to the theater. As this experience may have been merely a hallucination, it is unknown whether or not this is true.

Batman R.I.P.

Another mystery about Martha's final fate is unveiled in the Batman R.I.P. storyline, where it's revealed that the Kanes actually hired a detective to prowl about the circumstances of her death, always suspecting that Thomas Wayne married her for her money.

Many years later, the detective hired by the Kanes presents to Commissioner Gordon a dossier describing Martha as a helpless, frail woman hooked on drugs by an abusive husband, who frequently indulged in orgies and extramarital affairs, taking Alfred Pennyworth himself as her lover. The detective pushes his theory further, disclosing to Gordon a theory about Thomas Wayne ordering the fateful shooting to get revenge over an unfaithful wife and disappearing before being hit by the scandal. The villainous Simon Hurt, head of the Black Glove cabal, bent on getting revenge on Batman, claims to Alfred, taken hostage, to be Thomas Wayne himself, returned to enact his vengeance once again over the unfaithful Martha by ruining her son's life. Alfred disproves this version, and questions the truth of the "revelations" about Thomas Wayne.

In the end Simon Hurt is unmasked by Bruce Wayne as Mangrove Pierce, a former impersonator trying to ruin Thomas and Bruce Wayne's lives. Simon implies that Pierce may be another forged identity, but tacitly admits that the stories of Martha's sexual relationship with Alfred and the circumstances of her drug addiction and homicide are clever forgeries designed to break Batman, or coerce him to join the Black Glove as a means to silence the rumors about his family.

With Bruce Wayne's and Simon Hurt/Mangrove Pierce's disappearance the charges are dropped, and Martha's good name is cleared.

In Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader, Martha appears to her son between life and death and guides him to his fate.

The Return of Bruce Wayne

In Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne #5, the detective hired by the Kanes to investigate Martha Wayne's murder is revealed as Batman himself, turned amnesiac as he leaps through time under Darkseid's Omega Effect, his 'investigations' being influenced by the Black Glove as they attempt to use him as a sacrifice in a ritual while planting evidence to frame the Wayne family for debauchery.

Streets of Gotham

In the series Streets of Gotham, Martha Kane's history as a young woman was revised and elaborated further.

After her father was tricked into a shady investment deal by a mobster named Judson Pierce, which drained the Kane fortune and made him suffer a fatal heart attack, Martha became involved with charity work focusing on Gotham's poorest citizens. One of her main projects was raising support for the free clinic founded in Gotham's slums by doctor Leslie Thompkins.

During one of Martha's attempts to solicit support from Gotham's elite, she had her first encounter with Thomas Wayne who, aside from being a well-regarded surgeon, was an infamous playboy and party animal. Thomas affirmed this reputation to Martha by being being extremely drunk and vomiting on her shoes, causing her to storm off in disgust despite his profuse apologies.

Martha and Leslie's clinic also became another target of Judson Pierce after he deemed it a key starting point for taking over the surrounding neighborhood. Pierce attempted to prey on Martha's poverty by offering her $60,000 to shut down the clinc. Instead, Martha legally filed his money as a donation to keep the clinic running which enraged him enough to ask his uncle to arrange a hit on Martha and Leslie.

Not much later, Martha met Thomas Wayne a second time when he had Alfred chauffeur him to the clinic so he try and apologize to her again. At that moment though, Pierce's hitmen also decided to make their move. Alfred was able to subdue the assailants but not before Leslie suffered a minor gunshot wound. As Leslie recovered from her injury, Thomas volunteered to work in the clinic alongside Martha. Thomas became content with the charity work and and it wasn't wasn't long before Thomas and Martha became romantically involved with each other. By the time Leslie returned to work, Thomas became an official sponsor of the clinic and used his vast resources to keep it running. Thomas also distanced himself from his hedonistic lifestyle, citing Martha as his inspiration to change.

Other versions

Thomas and Martha Wayne as Batman and the Joker of the Flashpoint universe. Art by Eduardo Risso.

Superman: Red Son

In Mark Millar's Superman: Red Son, Martha and her husband are anti-communist protesters in the Soviet Union. They are executed by the NKVD under Commissar Pyotr Roslov, which leads to their son vowing to overthrow the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Batman: Dark Knight Dynasty

In Batman: Dark Knight Dynasty, Thomas and Martha are saved from death when 'Valentin Sinclair'- really Vandal Savage, who in this reality has a long-standing interest and admiration for the Wayne family despite the fact that they often end up opposing him when they learn about his plans- scared off Joe Chill, Sinclair becoming a partner in Wayne Enterprises, only for Sinclair to have them killed when they threaten to expose his plan to divert a meteor that gave him his powers back to Earth so that he can study it. Their deaths- triggered by Sinclair's fear-inducing henchman Scarecrone causing them to remember the mugging, driving them to flee Chill by running off their balcony- prompt Bruce to become Batman to investigate, Gordon having written their deaths off as an accident and Bruce unwilling to investigate himself because of the risk to his new wife, Julie Madison.

Flashpoint

In the alternate universe of Flashpoint, Martha Wayne becomes the Joker after Bruce is shot by Joe Chill as a child. Unable to cope with his loss she cuts open her cheeks to create a faux smile.^[5] She is the arch-nemesis of the Batman of this universe, her husband Thomas Wayne. She is shown to be in league with the possible Harley Quinn of this timeline called Yo-Yo. After she kidnaps the children of Harvey Dent and disguises his daughter as the Joker, and kills James Gordon after he shoots the daughter, Batman arrives to face her.^[6] Thomas confronts Martha about Bruce's death and reveals he has a way to rewrite history and save Bruce's life, though his parents will die instead. Martha ceases her attacks but when she learns what Bruce will become if he lives, she runs away falling to her death down a hole into the caves beneath Wayne Manor.^[5]

In other media

Television

• In the animated series The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians, Martha Wayne is depicted in a sequence in an episode titled "The Fear", which was the first depiction of Batman's origin outside of the DC Comics.
• On Batman: The Animated Series and the subsequent DC Animated Universe, the Waynes' killer is never identified and the murder is rarely explicitly shown, relying on nightmares and visual metaphors, such as a tunnel that becomes the barrel of a giant gun, to illustrate Bruce Wayne's inner demons. Martha Wayne makes a full appearance on Batman: the Animated Series episode "Perchance to Dream" on dream sequences engineered by The Mad Hatter. She was voiced by Adrienne Barbeau, who also provided the voice of Catwoman.
• The murder of the Waynes only becomes explicit in the Justice League Unlimited episode "For the Man Who Has Everything" in which Batman hallucinates the event while under the thrall of an extraterrestrial plant called the Black Mercy. At first, the Mercy grants him his fondest wish — to see his father fight back and his parents be saved — but when the Mercy is removed, Batman's true memory of the murder returns (the deaths of the Waynes occur offscreen, however).
• On The Batman, she is murdered with her husband by an unidentified mugger after watching the movie The Cloaked Rider with her son Bruce. The gunman is never caught. In the episode "The Big Chill", Bruce has a nightmare in which she and Thomas are murdered by Victor Fries.
• Martha Wayne appears in a flashback in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Invasion of the Secret Santas". Pat Musick voices Martha Wayne in the episode "Dawn of the Deadman". Julie Newmar voiced Martha in the second season episode "Chill of the Night!"

Film

• In Tim Burton's film Batman (1989), Martha Wayne is portrayed in flashback by Sharon Holm. In this version, she and her husband are killed by Jack Napier, the man who later becomes the Joker.
• In the Joel Schumacher film Batman Forever (1995), Martha is played by Eileen Seeley and is only seen in a misty flashback as Bruce struggles with repressed memories.
• In Christopher Nolan's Batman Begins (2005), Martha is played by Sara Stewart. In this version, it is once again Joe Chill who is the murderer. The Waynes are killed after exiting the opera Mefistofele, whose bat-like performers frighten young Bruce, who has a strong fear of bats.
• In The Batman vs. Dracula, Martha (along with Thomas Wayne) is referenced several times.
• Andrea Romano voices Martha Wayne on the Warner Premiere animated direct-to-DVD anthology film Batman: Gotham Knight. She appears in a brief flashback shown in the opening of the final segment "Deadshot", seen screaming before being shot.

Video games

• Martha Wayne is featured in Batman: Arkham Asylum voiced by Tasia Valenza, who also voiced the villain Poison Ivy in the game. Under the influence of the Scarecrow's fear toxin, Batman experiences flashbacks of his parents' murder. A bench in Arkham Asylum dedicated to Thomas and Martha Wayne is the answer to one of the Riddler's riddles which leads to Thomas and Martha Wayne's unlockable bio.

• In the video game Batman: Arkham City, the sequel to Batman: Arkham Asylum, the Monarch Theatre, the location of the Wayne murders, is present. Behind the building is the chalk outline of Thomas and Martha's bodies, with a bouquet of flowers and a tape that has a taunting message from Hugo Strange lying by the outlines. The player has the option of paying his respects by having Batman kneeling by the outlines of both. It is curious to note how the chalk outlines lasted for so many years ,althought it is implied by the message of Strange (who knows Batman true identity) that he was the one who stage the scenario to torment him. Later, when Batman is sucumbing to the effect of the venom the Joker infected him, has an allucination in which both Thomas and Martha appeared standing inside a tunnel calling him to come into light. Martha is voiced agian by Tasia Valenza.

Novels

• In Batman: The Ultimate Evil, Martha's past is explored; she fought crime in her own way as a social worker trying to protect sexually abused children. The novel suggests this as a motive for the murder of the Wayne couple.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Gardner Fox, Finger, Bill (w), Kane, Bob (p). "The Legend of the Batman - Who He is, and How he Came to Be" Detective Comics 33: 1, 2/1 - 8 (November, 1939), DC Comics
2. ^ Batman Family (Vol. 2)
3. ^ Beatty, Scott (2008). "Batman". In Dougall, Alastair. The DC Comics Encyclopedia. London: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 40–44. ISBN 0-7566-4119-5. 
4. ^ ^{a b} Batman Family #1 (December 2002)
5. ^ ^{a b} Brian Azzarello (w). "Batman Knight of Vengeance" Flashpoint 3 of 3: 27-33 (August 2011), Detective Comics
6. ^ Brian Azzarello (w). "Batman Knight of Vengeance" Flashpoint 2 of 3: 33 (July 2011), Detective Comics