- Penitentiary of New Mexico
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The gas chamber
The Penitentiary of New Mexico (PNM) is a men's prison located in unincorporated Santa Fe County, 15 miles (24 km) south of central Santa Fe, on New Mexico State Road 14.[1][2] It is operated by the New Mexico Corrections Department.
The complex consists of three separate facilities. The facilities are now referred to as Level V (opened 1985), Level VI (opened 1985) and Level II (opened 1990) for the minimum restrict facility, based upon the New Mexico adaptation of the Federal Bureau of Prisons system for inmate classification and restriction.[3] The regular daily population is about 790 inmates, whose average age is 32.
The Level VI Supermax site contains New Mexico's Death Row. This is where Terry Clark was executed in 2001. He remains, as of 2008, the only execution in New Mexico since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976.
The recent implementation of the Level System within the New Mexico Corrections Department requires that inmates who cannot be managed in general population, or cannot function in general population due to criteria established by policy, will be separated from the general population. Management of such inmates will be based upon behaviorally based step programs, in which increased privileges are granted for inmates who demonstrate appropriate behavior for a specified period of time.
Contents
History
Opened in 1885, the New Mexico Penitentiary had been authorized by Congress since 1853.[4] The design was based on the same plans used for Sing Sing and Joliet.[4]
The first prison industry produced bricks[5][4] Beginning in 1903, New Mexico became the first western state to employ prisoners in building highways.[6]
On 19 July 1922, prisoners at the pen rioted against overcrowding, the poor food, and the use of excessive force by the prison authorities.[7] When the inmates refused to return to their cells, the tower guards opened fire, killing one inmate and injuring five others.[7] In the report following the riot, the prison authorities were blamed for lack of experience, and failure to understand how to control a prison population.[8]
The second riot was 15 June 1953. Inmates protesting the use of excessive force seized Deputy Warden Ralph Tahash and twelve guards and held them hostage. In the resulting melee, guards killed two inmates and wounded a number of others.[9] This second riot led to the abandonment of the original facility as a prison and the construction in 1956 of what came to be called "the main unit".
In 1980 "the main unit" was the scene of one of the most violent prison riots in the correctional history of America. Over two days 33 inmates were killed and 12 officers were held hostage by prisoners who had escaped from cell blocks in the main unit. "The main unit" was closed in 1998 and is now called the "Old Pen".
Systemic reforms after the riot and the Duran v. King consent decree, including implementation of the Bureau Classification System under Cabinet Secretary Joe Williams, led to the modern New Mexico prison system.
Coordinates: 35°33′43″N 106°03′37″W / 35.56194°N 106.06028°W
See also
References
- ^ "Directory." New Mexico Corrections Department. Retrieved on December 7, 2009.
- ^ "Penitentiary of New Mexico, Santa Fe." New Mexico Corrections Department. Retrieved on December 7, 2009.
- ^ "Adult Prisons Division - Penitentiary of New Mexico, Santa Fe". New Mexico Corrections Department. 21 November 2008. http://corrections.state.nm.us/prisons/pnm.html. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
- ^ a b c Johnson, Judith R. (1994) "A Mighty Fortress is the Pen: Development of the New Mexico Penitentiary" pp. 119–132 In DeMark, Judith Boycw (editor) (1994) Essays in Twentieth-Century New Mexico History University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico, ISBN 0-8263-1359-0, pages 119–120
- ^ These were probably adobe bricks, as the prison reports do not indicate any kilns for firing.
- ^ Johnson, pages 121–122
- ^ a b Johnson, pages 124–125
- ^ New Mexico State Penitentiary Board of Commissioners (1924) Annual Report of the Board of Penitentiary Commissioners for the 11th Fiscal Year 1923 pp.1–2, OCLC 21427912
- ^ Johnson, page 128
External links
Categories:- Buildings and structures in Santa Fe County, New Mexico
- Prisons in New Mexico
- Government of New Mexico
- Capital punishment in New Mexico
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