- Rubidium chloride
Chembox new
Name = Rubidium chloride
ImageFile = Rubidium-chloride-3D-ionic.png
ImageName = Rubidium chloride's NaCl structure
ImageFile1 = Rubidium-chloride-CsCl-structure-3D-ionic.png
ImageName1 = Rubidium chloride's CsCl structure
OtherNames = rubidium(I) chloride
Section1 = Chembox Identifiers
CASNo = 7791-11-9
PubChem =
SMILES =
RTECS = VL8575000
Section2 = Chembox Properties
Formula = RbCl
MolarMass = 120.921 g/mol
Appearance = white crystals
Density = 2.8 g/mL, & solid
Solvent = other solvents
SolubleOther = 910 g/l at 20 °C in H2O
MeltingPt = 718 °C
BoilingPt = 1390 °C
Section7 = Chembox Hazards
ExternalMSDS = [http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927247 External MSDS]
MainHazards = irritant
NFPA-H = 2
NFPA-R = 0
NFPA-F = 0
Section8 = Chembox Related
OtherCpds =rubidium fluoride rubidium hydroxide rubidium oxide Rubidium chloride is the alkali metal
halide RbCl. This alkali halide finds diverse uses, fromelectrochemistry tomolecular biology .tructure
In its gas phase, RbCl is diatomic with a bond length estimated at 2.7868 Åref|Lide. This distance increases to 3.285 Å for cubic RbCl, reflecting the higher coordination number of the ions in the solid phase.ref|Wells
Depending on conditions, solid RbCl exists in one of three arrangements or polymorphs as determined with holographic imagingref|Kopecky:
Sodium chloride ’s octahedral 6:6The NaCl polymorph is most common. A cubic close-packed arrangement of chloride
anion s with rubidiumcation s filling the octahedral holes describes this polymorph.ref|Shriver Both ions are six-coordinate in this arrangement. This polymorph’s lattice energy is only 3.2 kJ/mol less than the following structure’sref|Pyper.Caesium chloride ’s cubic 8:8At high temperature and pressure, RbCl adopts the CsCl structure (NaCl and KCl undergo the same structural change at high pressures). Here, the chloride ions form a body-centered cubic arrangement with chloride anions occupying the vertices of a cube surrounding a central Rb+. This is RbCl’s densest packing motif.ref|Wells Because a cube has eight vertices, both ions’ coordination numbers equal eight. This is RbCl’s highest possible coordination number. Therefore, according to the radius ratio rule, cations in this polymorph will reach their largest apparent radius because the anion-cation distances are greatestref|Shriver.
Sphalerite ’s tetrahedral 4:4The sphalerite polymorph of rubidium chloride is extremely rare, resulting in few structural studies. The
lattice energy , however, for this formation is predicted to nearly 40.0 kJ/mol smaller than those of the preceding structures.ref|Pyperynthesisref|Winter
*The most common preparation of pure rubidium chloride involves the reaction of its
hydroxide withhydrochloric acid , followedrecrystallization :::RbOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → RbCl(aq) + H2O(l)*An equilibrium reaction involving volatile
rubidium , metallicsodium , and molten rubidium chloride is another plausible pathway:::Rb(s) + NaCl(s)overrightarrow{leftarrow} RbCl(l) + Na(s)*An expensive technique requires the reaction of rubidium metal with the desired halogen:::2Rb(s) + Cl2 (g) → 2RbCl(s)
Because RbCl is
hygroscopic , it must be protected from atmospheric moisture, e.g. using adesiccator . RbCl is primarily used in laboratories. Therefore, numerous suppliers (see below) produce it in smaller quantities as needed. It is offered in a variety of forms for chemical and biomedical research.Uses
*Generally, RbCl can be used as an electrolyte in water.
*Nanowires , an electrochemical prospect, are well oriented by dilute RbCl ions onmica ref|Akutagawa.
*Rubidium chloride has been shown to modify coupling between circadian oscillators via reduced photaic input to the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The outcome is a more equalized circadian rhythm, even for stressed organismsref|Hallonquist.
*Infusingtumor cells with rubidium chloride increases theirpH . Some researchers believe that this increase prohibits the activation ofenzyme s such asoncogenic phosphatases and that would usually increase the cells’malignant potential. This is thought to occur through rubidium chloride’s inactivation of essential ionichydrogen .
*RbCl is an excellent non-invasivebiomarker . The compound dissolves well in water and readily be taken up byorganism s. Once broken in the body, Rb+ replace K+ in tissues because they are from the same chemical groupref|McLean. An example of this is the use of a radioactive isotope to evaluateperfusion of heart muscle.
*RbCl transformation for competent cells is arguably the compound’s most abundant use. Cells are treated with ahypotonic solution containing RbCl expand. As a result, the expulsion of membrane proteins allows negatively chargedDNA to bindref|New.References
#Lide, D.R.; Cahill, P.; Gold, JL.P. (1963) [http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0953-8984/18/2/023 Cohesion and polymorphism in solid rubidium chloride.] "Journal of Chemical Physics" 40 pp. 156-159
#Wells, A.F. (1984) "Structural Inorganic Chemistry", (Oxford University Press)pp. 410 & 444
#Kopecky, M.; Fábry, J.; Kub, J.; Busetto, E.; Lausi, A. (2005) [http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=APPLAB000087000023231914000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes X-ray diffuse scattering holography of a centrosymmetric sample.] "Applied Physics Letters" 87 3p
#Pyper, N.C.; Kirkland, A. I.; Harding, J. H. (2006) [http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0953-8984/18/2/023 Cohesion and polymorphism in solid rubidium chloride.] "Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter" 18 pp. 683-702
#Shriver, D.F.; Atkins, P.W.; Cooper, H.L. (1990) "Inorganic Chemistry", (Freeman), ch. 2 .
#Winter, Mark, Ph.D. (2006) [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/Rb/Cl1Rb1-7791119.html Compounds of Rubidium.] "WebElements".
#Akutagawa, T.; Ohta, T.; Hasegawa, T.; Nakamura, T.; Christensen, C.A.; Becher, J. (2002) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11959953&dopt=Abstract Formation of oriented molecular nanowires on mica surface] "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" 99 pp. 5028-33.
#Hallonquist, J.; Lindegger, M.; Mrosovsky, N. (1994) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8033243&dopt=Abstract Rubidium chloride fuses split circadian activity rhythms] "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" 11 pp. 65-71.
#Hougardy, E.; Pernet, P.; Warnau, M.; Delisle, J.; Grégoire, J.-C.(2003) [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2003.00073.x/abs/ Marking bark beetle parasitoids within the host plant with rubidium for dispersal studies] "Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata" 108 pp. 107.
#New England Biolabs , Inc. (2006) [http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/tech_reference/protein_expression/RbCl_protocol.asp RbCl Transformation Protocol]uppliers
* [http://www.gfschemicals.com/chemicals/gfschem-5096.aspasp GFS Chemicals]
* [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/SearchResultsPage/RemovePricingAvailability/ALDRICH;451223 Sigma-Aldrich]
* [http://www.chemexper.com/index.shtml?main=http://www.chemexper.com/search/cas/7791-11-9.html Chem Exper]
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