- William P. Murphy
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This article is about the Nobel Prize Scientist. For other people who share the same name, see William Murphy (disambiguation).William P. Murphy
William Parry Murphy (Stoughton, Wisconsin, February 6, 1892 – October 9, 1987) was an American physician who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Richards Minot and George Hoyt Whipple for their combined work in devising and treating macrocytic anemia (specifically, pernicious anemia).
Murphy was born on February 6, 1892, at Stoughton, Wisconsin. He was educated at the public schools of Wisconsin and Oregon. He completed his A.B. degree in 1914 from the University of Oregon. He completed his M.D. in 1922 from Harvard Medical School.
In 1924, Murphy bled dogs to make them anemic (work inspired by war injury work), and then fed them various substances to gauge their improvement. He discovered that ingesting large amounts of liver seemed to restore anemia more quickly of all foods. Minot and Whipple then set about to chemically isolate the curative substance. These investigations showed that iron in the liver was responsible for curing anemia from bleeding, but meanwhile liver had been tried on people with pernicious anemia and some effect as seen there, also. The active ingredient in this case, found serendipitously, was not iron, but rather a water-soluble extract containing a new substance. From this extract, chemists were ultimately were able to isolate vitamin B12 from the liver. Even before the vitamin had been completely characterized, the knowledge that raw liver and its extracts treated pernicious anemia (previously a terminal disease) was a major advance in medicine.
Murphy married Pearl Harriett Adams on September 10, 1919. They had a son, Dr. William P. Murphy Jr., and a daughter, Priscilla Adams.
Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine (1926–1950) - Johannes Fibiger (1926)
- Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1927)
- Charles Nicolle (1928)
- Christiaan Eijkman / Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1929)
- Karl Landsteiner (1930)
- Otto Warburg (1931)
- Charles Scott Sherrington / Edgar Adrian (1932)
- Thomas Morgan (1933)
- George Whipple / George Minot / William Murphy (1934)
- Hans Spemann (1935)
- Henry Dale / Otto Loewi (1936)
- Albert Szent-Györgyi (1937)
- Corneille Heymans (1938)
- Gerhard Domagk (1939)
- Henrik Dam / Edward Doisy (1943)
- Joseph Erlanger / Herbert Gasser (1944)
- Alexander Fleming / Ernst Chain / Howard Florey (1945)
- Hermann Muller (1946)
- Carl Cori / Gerty Cori / Bernardo Houssay (1947)
- Paul Müller (1948)
- Walter Hess / António Egas Moniz (1949)
- Edward Kendall / Tadeus Reichstein / Philip Hench (1950)
- Complete list
- (1901–1925)
- (1926–1950)
- (1951–1975)
- (1976–2000)
- (2001–2025)
Categories:- 1892 births
- 1987 deaths
- Harvard Medical School alumni
- Harvard University faculty
- University of Oregon alumni
- Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
- American Nobel laureates
- People from Stoughton, Wisconsin
- People from Oregon
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