Meilen

Meilen
Country Switzerland Canton Zurich District Meilen 47°16′N 8°38′E / 47.267°N 8.633°E / 47.267; 8.633Coordinates: 47°16′N 8°38′E / 47.267°N 8.633°E / 47.267; 8.633
Population	12,539 (Dec 2010)[1]
- Density	1,051 /km2 (2,722 /sq mi)
Area	11.93 km2 (4.61 sq mi)
Elevation	420 m (1,378 ft)
Postal code	8706
SFOS number	0156
Localities	Bergmeilen, Dorfmeilen, Feldmeilen, Obermeilen
Surrounded by	Egg, Herrliberg, Horgen, Oberrieden, Uetikon am See, Wädenswil
Twin towns	Ebes (Hungary), Policka (Czech Republic)
Website	www.meilen.ch SFSO statistics
Meilen
View map of Meilen

Meilen is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

History

Meilen, Lake Zurich

Archaeological findings in Meilen date back more than 4,000 years. In January 1854 the level of lake Zürich was particularly low and the locals took the chance to gain some land. During this undertaking prehistoric objects from the Pfyn, Horgen and early Bronze Age cultures were unearthed providing clear evidence of early settlement.^[2]

The locals also unearthed coins from Roman times (1st to 3rd century AD). One of the Roman roads connected Turicum (Zürich) with places up to Chur and passed Meilen. Many findings were discovered during more recent road building.

Parts of Meilen were possessions of monasteries, including the monastery of St. Gallen, the ones of Einsiedeln and Säckingen, or the more local Grossmünster of Zürich. Meilen is first mentioned between 820-880 as Meilana.^[3] It is guessed^[who?] that this goes back to a gallic name Mediolanum.

The coats of arms shows two castle towers which represent the castle of Friedberg, the local castle. The castle was built around 1200 but extended in the 14th century. Some remains are still visible, including the fountain which reaches down 29 metres. Winegrowing in Meilen dates back for centuries.

In 1384 Meilen became a bailiwick of Zürich. Thanks to the reeve Meilen enjoyed relative autonomy until 1798. Since the Middle Ages local trade and handicraft was established in Meilen. There were at least four mills to support the local agriculture. Towards the end of the 18th century, industrialisation arrived in Meilen in form of textiles, but this form of production disappeared in the 19th century. With the arrival of the railway in 1894 local trade and industry blossomed. The ferry to Horgen was opened in 1933.

Geography

Meilen at Lake Zürich

Meilen has an area of 11.9 square kilometers (4.6 sq mi). Of this area, 46.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 24.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 27.2% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (1.4%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).^[4] In 1996^[update] housing and buildings made up 21.4% of the total area, while transportation infrastructure made up the rest (5.8%).^[5] Of the total unproductive area, water (streams and lakes) made up 0.2% of the area. As of 2007^[update] 26.5% of the total municipal area was undergoing some type of construction.^[5]

It is located on the north bank of the lake of Zürich. Meilen is located about halfway between Zürich and Rapperswil. Meilen is connected to Horgen across the lake by ferry. In the local dialect it is called Meile.

The town is divided into four districts (Wachten), namely Feldmeilen, Dorfmeilen and Obermeilen along the lake side, as well as Bergmeilen towards the Mt. Pfannenstiel. The districts used to be more autonomous, but today the division is only used for schooling purposes.

Demographics

Meilen has a population (as of 31 December 2010) of 12,539.^[1] As of 2007^[update], 16.5% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. As of 2008^[update] the gender distribution of the population was 47.6% male and 52.4% female. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 12.2%. Most of the population (as of 2000^[update]) speaks German (87.6%), with Italian being second most common ( 2.4%) and English being third ( 1.7%).

In the 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 34.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (23.1%), the SPS (15.2%) and the CSP (10%).

The age distribution of the population (as of 2000^[update]) is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 18.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 63% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.1%. In Meilen about 83.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). There are 5315 households in Meilen.^[5]

Meilen has an unemployment rate of 2.06%. As of 2005^[update], there were 151 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 41 businesses involved in this sector. 1514 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 93 businesses in this sector. 3418 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 482 businesses in this sector.^[4] As of 2007^[update] 43% of the working population were employed full-time, and 57% were employed part-time.^[5]

As of 2008^[update] there were 3217 Catholics and 5337 Protestants in Meilen. In the 2000 census, religion was broken down into several smaller categories. From the census^[update], 49.9% were some type of Protestant, with 47.9% belonging to the Swiss Reformed Church and 2% belonging to other Protestant churches. 26.5% of the population were Catholic. Of the rest of the population, 3% were Muslim, 5.3% belonged to another religion (not listed), 3% did not give a religion, and 14.7% were atheist or agnostic.^[5]

The historical population is given in the following table:^[3]

year	population
1634	1,107
1697	1,590
1799	3,034
1850	3,065
1900	3,213
1950	5,992
1970	9,881
2000	11,480

Sightseeing

Meilen church and wine yards

The Protestant church is located at the lake side and dominates the pictures of the town from the lake. The church's history dates back to a chapel of the 7th century. The current church was built in 1493.

The oldest tavern in Meilen is the Löwen (Lion). The tavern is still in use, but since 1958 owned by the municipality. The main hall is now used for political and cultural events.

The inn zur Burg located at Friedberg (or locally known as Burg) was built in 1676. It is an attractive building with many carved ornaments.

There are also a number of mansions, including the Seehof, Seehalde and Grüene Hof. The Seehof mansion was built in 1767-1769 and originally home to the successful textile producer Felix Oeri-Lavater. The mansion Seehalde was built when trade in wine was at its best: the 16th century. The Grüene Hof mansion is located in Feldmeilen. It was built between 1682 and 1684.

World heritage site

The prehistoric settlement at Rorenhaab is part of the Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps a UNESCO World Heritage Site.^[6]

Transportation

Meilen is serviced by the S6, S7 and SN7 lines of the Zürich S-Bahn. In the evenings, it is a terminal station of the S16 line in alternation to Herrliberg-Feldmeilen. Meilen is also a significant station for regional bus lines.

In the summer there are regular boats along the lake to Zurich and Rapperswil, run by the Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft. The Horgen–Meilen car ferry connects Meilen with Horgen on the opposite shore of the lake.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Canton of Zurich Statistical Office (German) accessed 29 March 2011
2. ^ Rainer Berger; Hans Eduard Suess (1979). Radiocarbon dating: proceedings of the ninth international conference, Los Angeles and La Jolla, 1976. University of California Press. pp. 104–107. ISBN 9780520036802. http://books.google.com/books?id=YupA6DrPQJIC&pg=PA104. Retrieved 7 July 2010. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Meilen in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
4. ^ ^{a b} Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 10-Aug-2009
5. ^ ^{a b c d e} Statistics Zurich (German) accessed 4 August 2009
6. ^ UNESCO World Heritage Site - Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps

External links

• Official website (German)