Caroline, Princess of Hanover

Infobox Hanoverian Royalty|royalty
name = Princess Caroline
title = Princess of Hanover
Hereditary Princess of Monaco


caption =
coronation =
titles = "HRH" The Princess of Hanover
"HSH" Princess Caroline of Monaco
"HSH" The Hereditary Princess of Monaco
full name = Caroline Louise Marguerite
spouse =Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover
(m. 1999)
Stefano Casiraghi
(m. 1983, died 1990)
Philippe Junot
(m. 1978, div. 1980)
issue = Andrea Casiraghi
Charlotte Casiraghi
Pierre Casiraghi
Princess Alexandra of Hanover
royal house =House of Hanover
House of Grimaldi
father = Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
mother = Grace Kelly
date of birth =birth date and age|1957|1|23|df=yes
place of birth = flagicon|Monaco Monaco
date of death =
place of death =|

Caroline, Princess of Hanover, Hereditary Princess of Monaco ("Caroline Louise Marguerite Prinzessin [German title|Prinzessin] von Hannover, Erbprinzessin von Monaco"), formally styled "Her Royal Highness The Princess of Hanover" [ [http://www.palais.mc/wwwpal.nsf/ABDA2D1C46C35324C1256D52004F9708/9355BEAC54EE0A86C1256BA7002B37E9 www.palais.mc] ] , (born 23 January 1957) is the eldest child of the late Prince Rainier III of Monaco and his wife, the former American film actress Grace Kelly. She has many relatives in the United States where her mother is originally from and when she was a child she would spend time at the home of her maternal grandparents in Philadelphia. She married Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover in 1999.

Born Princess Caroline of Monaco and belonging to the House of Grimaldi, she is the second wife of Ernst August, Prince of Hanover and, since her father's death on 6 April 2005, is the heiress presumptive to the throne of Monaco. She also was heiress presumptive in 1957 and 1958, between her own birth and the birth of her brother, Albert, the current Sovereign Prince of Monaco. She also has a younger sister, Stéphanie.

Education

The Princess received her French Baccalauréat (high school or A level) degree in 1974 with honors. She was educated at St Mary's School Ascot, and continued her studies at the Sorbonne in Paris, where she received a diploma in Philosophy and minors in Psychology and Biology. She is fluent in French, English, Spanish, German and Italian.

First marriage

Princess Caroline's first husband was Philippe Junot (b. April 19, 1940), a Parisian banker. They were married on 28 June 1978 and divorced on 9 October 1980, a period of time that had been predicted by the bride's mother, who disapproved of Junot's age and his reputation as a playboy. In 1992, the Roman Catholic Church granted the Princess an annulment.

Princess Caroline was briefly engaged to Roberto Rossellini, son of movie icon Ingrid Bergman, before her second marriage.

econd marriage

Her second husband was Stefano Casiraghi (September 8, 1960 – October 3, 1990), the sportsman heir to an Italian oil fortune. They were married on 29 December 1983, and had three children:

* Andrea Albert Pierre Casiraghi, born 8 June 1984
* Charlotte Marie Pomeline Casiraghi, born 3 August 1986
* Pierre Rainier Stefano Casiraghi, born 5 September1987

The two younger children are named for their maternal great-grandparents, Princess Charlotte of Monaco and Prince Pierre of Monaco whilst Andrea was named for a childhood friend of his father's. Stefano Casiraghi was killed in a speed-boating accident on 3 October 1990, aged 30 years. He was said to be the love of her life and his death devastated the Princess.

Before the end of the year, Princess Caroline began a relationship with actor Vincent Lindon, and this lasted until 1995.

Third marriage

Her third and present husband is Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover [ [http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/hannover.html Hanover family] ] , the head of the House of Hanover. They married on 23 January 1999 after his divorce from Chantal Hochuli, and have one child:

* Princess Alexandra of Hanover, born 20 July 1999 in Vöcklabruck (Austria).

Chantal Hochuli had been a friend of Caroline's, but the friendship ended when Caroline and Ernst engaged in an affair.

Her husband's family titles were abolished by the Weimar Republic Germany after World War I, along with all Royal and noble German titles, so Hereditary Princess of Monaco is her only undisputed title. Additionally, the Kingdom of Hanover has not existed since being annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. Her husband is, however, entitled by German law to use "Prince of Hanover" as his surname (i.e. Ernst August Prince of Hanover), so the Princess is likewise permitted to call herself "Princess of Hanover" - but as a surname and style, though not as a royal title. Neither she nor her husband has royal rank in modern Germany, the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland as Prince or Princess of Hanover, though Monaco recognizes her German royal title and her style as a Royal Highness.

Caroline and Ernst hold high positions in each of their royal families. Ernst is the Head of the House of Hanover, and, if the Kingdom still existed, he would be king of Hanover. Caroline is first in line to the throne of Monaco and will become the reigning princess if her brother has no legitimate children and she outlives him. Had it been a different time in history, their marriage might have had deep political implications, as they would both have been directly in line to inherit different thrones.

Nonetheless, on 11 January 1999, shortly before Caroline and Ernst's wedding, his distant cousin Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom issued the following Order-in-Council: "My Lords, I do hereby declare My Consent to a Contract of Matrimony between His Royal Highness Prince Ernst August Albert of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg and Her Serene Highness Princess Caroline Louise Marguerite of Monaco...". Without the Royal Assent, the marriage would have been void in Britain, where the groom, as a male-line descendant of George II, is bound by the Royal Marriages Act of 1772. Had the Queen refused to give permission, the Prince of Hanover may potentially have lost his title as a British prince. Nevertheless, the claim by the prince's family to any British title had already been suspended by the Titles Deprivation Act of 1917, and its continued usage within the House of Hanover has since been in spite of lack of recognition by the British government. The Monégasque court officially notified France of Caroline's contemplated marriage to Prince Ernst August and received assurance that there was no objection, in compliance with the 1918 Franco-Monégasque Treaty.

Defense of privacy

On 24 June 2004 the Princess obtained a judgment [ [http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/view.asp?action=html&documentId=699729&portal=hbkm&source=externalbydocnumber&table=F69A27FD8FB86142BF01C1166DEA398649 European Court of Human Rights 24 June 2004, Case of Von Hannover v. Germany] ] from the European Court of Human Rights condemning Germany for non-respect of her right to private life under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The case concerned for instance the publication of pictures of her taken secretly at the Monte Carlo Beach Club.

Cultural and charitable interests

The Princess was awarded, in 2005, the insignia of Commander of Cultural Merit in recognition of her commitment to the Arts. She founded Les Ballets de Monte Carlo and has been president and chairperson of The Monte Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra, Monte Carlo Opera, Prince Pierre Foundation, The Spring Arts Festival, The Monte Carlo Garden Club and The Princess Grace Foundation.

She founded the children's charity Jeune J'écoute, is a patron of the Peter Le Marchant Trust, a boating charity for disabled people, and president of Amade Mondiale.

In 2006, the Princess was awarded the UNICEF Children's Champion Award.

Succession issues

Princess Caroline is heir presumptive to the throne of Monaco because her brother Prince Albert remains unmarried and has no legitimate children, if that situation remains unchanged and she outlives him Caroline will one day become the second Sovereign Princess in Monaco's history. Her ancestor Louise-Hippolyte Grimaldi held that title for a few months in 1731.

There is precedent for a Sovereign Prince to adopt his own illegitimate child and thereby place that child at the head of the line of succession to the throne, as was done for Caroline's grandmother, Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois. However, this is no longer a valid option owing to the constitutional changes of 2002.Therefore, although Albert has publicly acknowledged two children born out of wedlock (Eric Alexandre Coste, son of Togolese flight attendant Nicole Coste and Jazmin Grace Grimaldi, daughter of Tamara Rotolo of Palm Springs, California), unless Albert were to legitimize Alexandre by marrying his mother, Caroline cannot constitutionally be displaced in the succession order by either child.

Albert's lack of legitimate children prompted Prince Rainier to change the constitution so as to ensure there would be a lawful successor to the throne after him, which strengthened the places of Caroline and her descendants in the line of succession. On 2 April 2002 Monaco passed Princely Law 1.249, which provides that if the Sovereign Prince assumes the throne and then dies without a legitimate direct heir, the throne will pass to his siblings and their descendants under the rule of male-preference primogeniture. The law was then ratified by France, as required by a 1918 Franco-Monégasque treaty, on 4 October 2005. Before this change, the crown of Monaco could pass only to a direct descendant of the reigning prince. Caroline would have become ineligible to inherit the throne upon Albert's accession.

Contrary to usage in most other monarchies, not only is the heir apparent to the Monégasque throne titled Hereditary Prince, but whenever there is no heir apparent the heir presumptive legally bears the title of Hereditary Prince(ss). Therefore, Caroline first became Hereditary Princess of Monaco at birth. From the birth of her only brother until his accession to the throne as Albert II, she was legally Princess Caroline of Monaco; at Albert's accession she resumed the position of heiress presumptive and Hereditary Princess. So long as Prince Albert remains without legitimate, dynastic issue, Princess Caroline remains first in line to succeed him on the throne. However, Albert's firstborn legitimate child would displace her in the line of succession and become Hereditary Prince/ss, either as Albert's heir apparent if male, or as his heir presumptive if female.

In Monaco and other monarchies, Caroline is usually referred to and addressed by the female form of the style attributed by tradition to her husband, i.e. Her Royal Highness The Princess of Hanover, rather than by her own legal title (Her Serene Highness The Hereditary Princess of Monaco). Historically, styles associated with kingdoms, such as Ernst August's, have been deemed of higher rank and status than those associated with principalities. Should Caroline succeed Albert and become reigning Princess of Monaco, she would become Her Royal Highness (by virtue of her married title) Caroline I, Princess of Monaco, though her father and brother both bore the title HSH (His Serene Highness), because Monaco is a principality, not a kingdom. She would retain the attribute of "Royal Highness" consistent with the tradition that conferred that style, for example, upon descendants of Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg as a result of her 1919 marriage to Felix of Bourbon-Parma, member of a deposed dynasty that once reigned over a kingdom. As reigning Princess, however, Caroline would re-assume her dynastic maiden name of Grimaldi, pursuant to Article I of the principality's 2002 law on the sovereign family [ [http://www.heraldica.org/topics/national/monaco.htm#house_laws www.heraldica.org] ] . However, Caroline's successor (who is most likely going to be her eldest son Andrea Casiraghi) will not be entitled to use the style "Royal Highness", since styles are passed only through the male line. Therefore, he and his successors are going to retain the traditional style of "Serene Highness".

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

* Her Serene Highness The Hereditary Princess of Monaco (1957-1958)
* Her Serene Highness Princess Caroline of Monaco (1958-1999)
* Her Royal Highness The Princess of Hanover, Princess of Monaco (1999-2005)
* Her Royal Highness The Princess of Hanover, Hereditary Princess of Monaco (2005-present)

Ancestry

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boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
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1= 1.Princess Caroline of Monaco
2= 2. Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
3= 3. Grace Kelly
4= 4. Prince Pierre of Monaco, Count of Polignac
5= 5. Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois
6= 6. John B. Kelly, Sr.
7= 7. Margaret Majer
8= 8. Count Maxence of Polignac
9= 9. Suzanne de la Torre
10= 10. Louis II, Prince of Monaco
11= 11. Marie Juliette Louvet
12= 12. John Henry Kelly
13= 13. Mary Costello
14= 14. Charles Majer
15= 15. Margareta Berg
16= 16. Count Charles of Polignac
17= 17. Caroline Joséphine Le Normand de Morando
18= 18. Isidoro Fernando de la Torre
19= 19. Luisa de Mier y Celis
20= 20. Albert I, Prince of Monaco
21= 21. Mary Victoria Hamilton
22= 22. Jacques Henri Louvet
23= 23. Josephine Elmire Piedefer
24= 24. Brian Kelly
25= 25. Margaret McLaughlin
26= 26. Walter Costello
27= 27. Anne Burke
28= 28. Karl Majer
29= 29. Wilhelmine Adam
30= 30. Georg Berg
31= 31. Elisabetha Röhrig

References

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-s-tul|title=Duchess of Cumberland and Teviotdale
years=23 January 1999 — present
reason=Titles Deprivation Act 1917
-s-tul|title=Queen consort of Hanover
years=23 January 1999 — present
reason=Hanover annexed by Prussia in 1866
-s-tul|title=Duchess consort of Brunswick
years=23 January 1999 — present
reason=Duchy abolished in 1918

Persondata
NAME = Caroline, Princess of Hanover
ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Caroline Louise Marguerite Prinzessin von Hannover, Erbprinzessin von Monaco
SHORT DESCRIPTION = Princess of Monaco
DATE OF BIRTH = 23 January 1957
PLACE OF BIRTH = Monaco
DATE OF DEATH =
PLACE OF DEATH =