- Gadabuursi
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Main article: Somali clan
Gadabuursi
غادابوورسيRegions with significant populations 
Somalia
Djibouti
Ethiopia
Yemen
United KingdomLanguages Religion Related ethnic groups The Gadabuursi (Somali: Gadaabuursi, Arabic: غادابوورسي), also known as Samaroon, is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir.
Most Gadabuursi members are descendants of Sheikh Samaroon. However, Samaroon does not necessarily mean Gadabuursi, but rather represents only a sub-clan of the Gadabuursi clan family.
As a Dir sub-clan, the Gadabuursi have immediate lineal ties with the Issa of Djibouti, the Surre (Abdalle and Qubeys) of central/southern Somalia, the Biyomaal of southern Somalia, the Gaadsan, the Gurgure and the Isaaq.
In terms of subsistence patterns, the Gadabuursi are mainly sedentary agro-pastoralists, supplementing their cattle herding with cereal cultivation.[1]
Politically, the Gadabuursi are represented by the Somali Democratic Alliance (SDA).[2] The former president of the northwestern Somaliland region of Somalia, Dahir Rayale Kahin, also hails from the Gadabuursi clan.
Contents
Distribution
The Gadabuursi are concentrated in northwestern Somalia and are the pre-dominant clan of the Awdal region. They primarily inhabit their traditional territories of Awdal, Salal (a new province carved out of Awdal).[citation needed]
The Gadabuursi are also found in Djibouti and the Somali Region in Ethiopia, where they almost exclusively inhabit both the Awbere district in the Jijiga Zone and the Dembel district in the Shinile Zone.[3][4][5]
They also reside along the northeastern fringe of the chartered city state of Dire Dawa, which borders the Dembel district.[6] The 2007 Summary and Statistical report of the Population and Housing Census of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia has shown that Awbere is the most populated district in the region.[7]
The Gadabuursi of Ethiopia have expressed a desire to combine the clan's traditional territories of Awbere and Dembel to form a new region-state called Harawo State.[8]
History
The Gadabursi Kingdom was established more than 600 years ago, and consisted of many elders and a King (Ugaas). Hundreds of elders used to work in four sections consisting of 25 elders each:
- Social committee
- Defence - policing authorities consisting of horsemen (referred to as fardoolay) and foot soldiers
- Economy and collection of taxes
- Justice committee
The chairmen of the four sections were called Afarta Dhadhaar, and were selected according to talent and personnel abilities. A constitution, Xeer Gadabursi , had been developed, which divided every case as to whether it was new or had precedents (ugub or curad).
The Gadabursi King and the elders opposed the arrival of the British at the turn of the twentieth century, and subsequently signed an agreement with the latter. Later, as a disagreement between the two parties both arose and intensified, the British installed some people against the Ugaas in hopes of overthrowing him. This would eventually bring about the collapse of the kingdom.
Clan tree
There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and many lineages are omitted. The following listing is taken from the World Bank's Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics from 2005 and the United Kingdom's Home Office publication, Somalia Assessment 2001.[9][10]
- Dir
- Gadabuursi (Gadabursi)
- Biimaal (or Bimal)
- Issa
In the south central part of Somalia the World Bank shows the following clan tree:[11]
- Dir
- Isaac
- Garhajis
- Habar Je'lo
- Habar Awal
- Habar Tol
- Gadabursi
- Isse
- Biyomal
- Gadsan
- Qubeys
- Isaac
Notable figures
- Abdi Sinimo, musician who established Balwo lyrical genre
- Sheikh Abdurahman Sheikh Nuur, inventor of the Borama script
- Hassan Sheikh Mumin, author of Shabeel Naagood or (Leopard among the Women)
- Khadija Qalanjo, prominent singer
- Dahir Riyale Kahin, third president of Somaliland
- Ahmed Ismail Samatar, James Wallace Professor and Dean of the Institute for Global Citizenship at Macalester College
- Abdi Ismail Samatar, Professor of Geography and Global Studies at the University of Minnesota
- Abdirahman Saylici, Vice President of Somaliland
Notes
- ^ Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha, [1], pp. 639 April 2011
- ^ Somalia Assessment 2001, p. 5
- ^ "Shinile Agropastoral Livelihood Zone" Save the Children (2001), p. 8 (accessed 02 April 2011)
- ^ [2] Harawo.org Degmada Awbare (April, 2011), Source in Somali (accessed 03 April 2011)
- ^ [3] United Nations Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia, Field Trip to Jijiga (22-29 April, 1994), p. 2 (accessed 03 April 2011)
- ^ [4] United Nations Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia, Field Trip to Jijiga (22-29 April, 1994), p. 2 (accessed 03 April 2011)
- ^ Ethiopia Population Census Statistics, [5], p.72 November 2007,
- ^ Harawo State Petition, [6], March 2011
- ^ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.55 Figure A-1
- ^ Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Somalia Assessment 2001, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure, p. 43
- ^ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.56 Figure A-2
References
- Country Information and Policy Unit, Somalia Assessment 2001, Home Office, Great Britain
Categories:- Somali clans
- Somali clans in Ethiopia
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