Dunluce Castle

Dunluce Castle
Dún Libhse Dunluce Caissle[1]
County Antrim, Northern Ireland
Type	Castle
Coordinates	55°12′38″N 6°34′52″W / 55.21056°N 6.58111°W / 55.21056; -6.58111Coordinates: 55°12′38″N 6°34′52″W / 55.21056°N 6.58111°W / 55.21056; -6.58111
Built	Late Middle Ages and 17th century[2]
Current condition	In ruins
Open to the public	Yes
Controlled by	Northern Ireland Environment Agency

Dunluce Castle (from Irish: Dún Libhse)^[3] is a now-ruined medieval castle in Northern Ireland. It is located on the edge of a basalt outcropping in County Antrim (between Portballintrae and Portrush), and is accessible via a bridge connecting it to the mainland. The castle is surrounded by extremely steep drops on either side, which may have been an important factor to the early Christians and Vikings who were drawn to this place where an early Irish fort once stood.

Protected status

Dunluce Castle is in the care of the Northern Ireland Environment Agency. It is a Monument in State Care sited in the townland of Dunluce, in Coleraine Borough Council area, at grid ref: C9048 4137.^[4] The earthworks, adjacent to Dunluce Castle, are a Scheduled Historic Monument, at grid ref: area of C905 412.^[5]

History

In the 13th century Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster, built the first castle at Dunluce.

It is first documented in the hands of the McQuillan family in 1513. The earliest features of the castle are two large drum towers about 9 metres (30 ft) in diameter on the eastern side, both relics of a stronghold built here by the McQuillans after they became lords of the Route.

The McQuillans were the Lords of Route from the late 13th century until they were displaced by the MacDonalds after losing two major battles against them during the mid and late-16th century.

Later Dunluce Castle became the home of the chief of the Clan MacDonnell of Antrim and the Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg from Scotland. Chief John Mor MacDonald was the second son of Good John of Islay, Lord of the Isles, 6th chief of Clan Donald in Scotland. John Mor MacDonald was born through John of Islay's second marriage to Princess Margaret Stewart, daughter of King Robert II of Scotland. In 1584, on the death of James MacDonald the 6th chief of the Clan MacDonald of Antrim and Dunnyveg, the Antrim Glens were seized by Sorley Boy MacDonnell, one of his younger brothers. Sorley Boy took the castle, keeping it for himself and improving it in the Scottish style. Sorley Boy swore allegiance to James IV of Scotland and his son Ranald was made Randal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of Antrim by Queen Elizabeth.

Four years later, the Girona, a galleass from the Spanish Armada was wrecked in a storm on the rocks nearby. The cannon from the ship were installed in the gatehouses and the rest of the cargo sold, the funds being used to restore the castle. MacDonnell's granddaughter Rose was born in the castle in 1613.

At one point, part of the kitchen next to the cliff face collapsed into the sea, after which the wife of the owner refused to live in the castle any longer. According to a legend, when the kitchen fell into the sea only a kitchen boy survived, as he was sitting in the corner of the kitchen which did not collapse.

Dunluce Castle served as the seat of the Earl of Antrim until the impoverishment of the MacDonnells in 1690, following the Battle of the Boyne. Since that time, the castle has deteriorated and parts were scavenged to serve as materials for nearby buildings.

Dunluce town

In 2011, major archaeological excavations found significant remains of the "lost town of Dunluce", which was razed to the ground in the Catholic uprising of 1641.^[6]

Lying adjacent to Dunluce Castle, the town was built around 1608 by Randall MacDonnell, the first Earl of Antrim, and pre-dates the official Plantation of Ulster.^[6] It may have contained the most revolutionary housing in Europe when it was built in the early 17th century, including indoor toilets which had only started to be introduced around Europe at the time, and a complex street network based on a grid system.^[6] 95% of the town is still to be discovered.^[6]

In popular culture

In 1973 the castle appeared on the inner gatefold of the multi-million selling Led Zeppelin album Houses of the Holy. It is also featured on the cover of the album Glasgow Friday by American musician Jandek. The castle appeared as Snakehead's hideout under the name 'Ravens Keep' in the 2003 movie, The Medallion, which starred Jackie Chan.

See also

• List of castles in Northern Ireland

References

Specific references:

1. ^ Guide to Dunluce Castle in Ulster-Scots DOE.
2. ^ Dunluce Castle from the website of the Northern Ireland Environment Agency
3. ^ Placenames Database of Ireland
4. ^ "Dunluce Castle". Environment and Heritage Service NI — State Care Historic Monuments. http://www.ehsni.gov.uk/state_care_monuments_2007.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-03. 
5. ^ "Dunluce". Environment and Heritage Service NI — Scheduled Historic Monuments. http://www.ehsni.gov.uk/scheduled_monuments1to31mar07.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-03. 
6. ^ ^{a b c d} Belfast News Letter, page 3. Saturday, June 18, 2011

General references:

• Culture Northern ireland
• Charles Johnston (1902). "Ireland, Historic and Picturesque". Project Gutenberg. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12078/12078-h/12078-h.htm#285.jpg. 

External links

• Dunluce Castle from the website of the Northern Ireland Environment Agency