- The Bostonians
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For the film based on the novel, see The Bostonians (film).
The Bostonians Author(s) Henry James Country United Kingdom Language English Genre(s) Novel Publisher Macmillan and Co., London Publication date 16-Feb-1886 Media type Print (Serial) Pages Volume one, 244; volume two, 226; volume three, 232 ISBN NA The Bostonians is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Century Magazine in 1885–1886 and then as a book in 1886. This bittersweet tragicomedy centers on an odd triangle of characters: Basil Ransom, a political conservative from Mississippi; Olive Chancellor, Ransom's cousin and a Boston feminist; and Verena Tarrant, a pretty, young protégée of Olive's in the feminist movement. The storyline concerns the struggle between Ransom and Olive for Verena's allegiance and affection, though the novel also includes a wide panorama of political activists, newspaper people, and quirky eccentrics.
Contents
Plot summary
Mississippi lawyer and Civil War veteran, Basil Ransom, visits his cousin Olive Chancellor in Boston. She takes him to a political meeting where Verena Tarrant delivers a feminist speech. Ransom, a strong conservative, is annoyed by the speech but fascinated with the speaker. Olive, who has never before set eyes on Verena, is equally fascinated. She persuades Verena to leave her parents' house, move in with her and study in preparation for a career in the feminist movement. Meanwhile, Ransom returns to his law practice in New York, which is not doing well. He visits Boston again and walks with Verena through the Harvard College grounds, including the impressive Civil War memorial. Verena finds herself attracted to the charismatic Ransom.
Basil eventually proposes to Verena, much to Olive's dismay. Olive has arranged for Verena to speak at the Boston Music Hall. Ransom shows up at the hall just before Verena is scheduled to begin her speech. He persuades Verena to elope with him, to the discomfiture of Olive and her fellow-feminists. The final sentence of the novel shows Verena in tears — not to be her last, James assures us.
Themes
Unlike much of James' work, The Bostonians deals with explicitly political themes: feminism and the general role of women in society. James was at best ambivalent about the feminist movement, and the early chapters harshly satirize Olive and her fellow ideologues. Another theme in the book, much discussed recently, is Olive's possible lesbian attraction to Verena. (The term Boston marriage, apparently first used here by James, came to connote just such an ambiguous co-habiting long-term relationship between two women.) James is not explicit here, partially due to the conventions of the time. But this vagueness may actually enrich the novel because it creates possible ambiguity about Olive's motives.
As Ransom gets closer to winning Verena, he seems to lose at least some of his creator's sympathy. James was rather suspicious of the winners in life who scoop up all the goodies, especially the sexual goodies. He becomes more sympathetic to Olive in the later chapters as she begins to lose Verena. This is especially evident in chapter 39, where Olive experiences a painful recognition of her situation somewhat similar to Isabel Archer's long nighttime meditation in chapter 42 of The Portrait of a Lady.
The three central characters are surrounded by a vivid supporting cast of would-be reformers, cynical journalists, and sometimes sinister hangers-on. James shows remarkable ability to create a broad cross-section of American society, which helps refute the charge that he could only handle small, closed-off bits of life.
Critical evaluation
To put it mildly, The Bostonians was not well-received by contemporary critics, especially on the western side of the Atlantic.[citation needed] James' portrayal of Boston reformers was denounced as inaccurate and unfair, especially because some felt James had satirized actual persons in the novel. Mark Twain vowed that he would rather be damned to John Bunyan's heaven than read the book.[1]
Later critics, though uncomfortable with the novel's rather static nature and perhaps excessive length, have found more to praise in James' account of the contest for Verena and his description of the wider background of feminism and other reform movements.[citation needed] The quiet but significant struggle between Olive Chancellor and Basil Ransom does seem more pertinent and engrossing today than it might have appeared to 19th century readers.[citation needed] James bemoaned the adverse effect that this novel and The Princess Casamassima (published in the same year) had on his critical fortunes. Although he didn't turn away from political themes completely, he never again gave political ideas such a prominent place in his fiction.
Film version
The Bostonians was filmed in 1984 by the Merchant Ivory team (director James Ivory, producer Ismail Merchant, writer Ruth Prawer Jhabvala) with Christopher Reeve, Vanessa Redgrave and Madeleine Potter in the three central roles.
The movie earned mixed reviews, with a 60% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes[2] Vanessa Redgrave's performance received high marks, however, 1984 Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations for Best Actress. Further, the movie earned other award nominations for costume design and cinematography.
The 2005 independent drama film The Californians is an updated adaptation of the story.[3]
Cultural references
- A young Olive Chancellor appears as a character in The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen.
See also
References
- ^ Clemens, S.L.: Letter to W.D. Howells, July 21, 1885, Mark Twain's Letters Complete [Ed. Albert Bigelow Paine]
- ^ http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bostonians/
- ^ http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the-californians/#!reviews=dvd
- A Henry James Encyclopedia by Robert Gale (New York: Greenwood Press, 1989) ISBN 0-313-25846-5
- The Novels of Henry James by Edward Wagenknecht (New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1983) ISBN 0-8044-2959-6
External links
- Original magazine publication of The Bostonians (1885-86)
- First book version of The Bostonians (1886)
- Note on the various texts of The Bostonians at the Library of America web site
- IMDb page for the movie version of The Bostonians (1984)
Categories:- American novels adapted into films
- 1886 novels
- Novels set in Boston, Massachusetts
- Novels by Henry James
- Novels first published in serial form
- Films set in Massachusetts
- 19th-century American novels
- Works originally published in The Century Magazine
- Boston, Massachusetts in fiction
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