David Ramsbotham, Baron Ramsbotham

Sir David John Ramsbotham, Baron Ramsbotham
Born	6 November 1934 (1934-11-06)
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	British Army
Years of service	1953–93
Rank	General
Unit	Royal Artillery Rifle Brigade Royal Green Jackets
Commands held	3rd Armoured Division, United Kingdom Field Army
Battles/wars	Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation Northern Ireland
Awards	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Officer of the Order of the British Empire, Aide de Camp General to HM the Queen Mention in Despatches
Relations	Rt Revd John Alexander Ramsbotham (father)
Other work	Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons, Life peer

General Sir David John Ramsbotham, Baron Ramsbotham GCB CBE (b. 6 November 1934) is a retired British Army officer, who later served as Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons. He was awarded a life peerage in 2005, and now sits on the cross benches of the House of Lords.

Early life and military career

Ramsbotham was born in 1934,^[1] the son of a Church of England clergyman, later Bishop of Wakefield, John Alexander Ramsbotham. Ramsbotham initially entered the army as a result of his National Service obligations, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery on 14 March 1953.^[2] He completed his National Service as an acting lieutenant, and retained a Territorial Army commission.^[3] He then took a history degree at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.^[4]

On 21 February 1958 he was appointed to a regular army commission as a lieutenant, with seniority from 31 January 1957.^[5] He was promoted to Captain on 31 January 1961.^[6] He served in Borneo during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation as an acting major in the period 24 December 1965 to 23 June 1966, and was Mentioned in Despatches.^[7] He was promoted to substantive major on 31 December 1967,^[8] and to lieutenant-colonel on 30 June 1971.^[9] From 11 June 1970 to 20 June 1973 he served as Military Assistant to the Chief of the General Staff, Sir Michael Carver. This was a particularly busy time for the British Army; the Troubles in Northern Ireland were beginning, and the army's contribution, Operation Banner, was taking an increasingly large proportion of resources.^{[citation needed]}

For his performance in this role, Ramsbotham was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1974 New Year Honours.^[10][11] He later commanded a battalion of the Royal Green Jackets in Northern Ireland from 1974 to 1975.

He was elevated to Colonel on 30 June 1976,^[12] and brigadier on 31 December 1978 (with seniority from 30 June 1978).^[13] He then served in Northern Ireland, commanding a brigade based in Belfast, and was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his service there in the operational honours of 21 October 1980.^[14] His career was almost derailed when as the army's director of public relations (a position he held from 1982–84^[4]) he leaked documents to a journalist which showed that prior to the Falklands War the army had developed a comprehensive plan for dealing with the media, but it had been overlooked; and the army was subsequently criticised for not having done such planning.^[15] He was then promoted to major-general and commanded 3rd Armoured Division for a period prior to 13 March 1987.^[16] On 1 January 1987 he was appointed to the honorary position of Colonel Commandant, 2nd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets, in succession to Sir Frank Kitson, which he held until 25 July 1992.^[17][18] On 15 April 1987 he was promoted lieutenant-general and appointed Commander UK Field Army and Inspector General of the Territorial Army.^[19] He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 1987 Queen's Birthday Honours,^[20] and a further honorary appointment as Honorary Colonel of the Officer Training Corps at the University of Cambridge on 1 July, which he held until 1 May 1993.^[21][22] He stepped down as Commander of the Field Army on 13 August 1990,^[23] and received a further honorary appointment as Aide de Camp General to HM the Queen (ADC Gen) on 3 December 1990, which he held until his retirement form the army.^[24] On 27 December 1990 he was appointed Adjutant-General (AG), with the local rank of general,^[25] and he received substantive promotion to that rank on 24 January 1990 (with seniority from 1 September 1990).^[26] This period included the United Kingdom's involvement in the Gulf War He was promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in the 1993 New Year Honours^[27] He stepped down as AG on 17 May 1993,^[28] and retired from the army on 13 July 1993.^[29]

Chief Inspector of Prisons

Ramsbotham was Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales from 1 December 1995^[30][31] to 2001 when he was succeeded by Anne Owers CBE. As Chief Inspector of Prisons, he had an at times strained relationship with Home Secretaries Michael Howard and Jack Straw, and this contributed to his contract not being continued for the full eight years that had originally been possible (an initial period of five years, with extension for a further three years possible).^{[32][33][34][35]}

Recent activities

On 22 March 2005, it was announced that Ramsbotham was to be elevated to a life peerage.^[36] The title was gazetted as Baron Ramsbotham, of Kensington in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea on 17 May.^[37] He sits in the House of Lords as a crossbench peer. He is Chairman of the Koestler Awards scheme, and Vice-Chair of both the All Party Penal Affairs Group and the All Party Parliamentary Group for Learning & Skills in the Criminal Justice System. He is President of UNLOCK, The National Association of Ex-Offenders and an Ambassador for the charity, the Prison Advice and Care Trust (pact).^[38] He was elected an honorary Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge in 2001, and serves on the advisory board of the International Centre for Prison Studies at King's College London. He is also a is a Patron of the African Prisons Project, an international non-governmental organisation with a mission to bring dignity and hope to men women and children in African prisons through health, education, justice and reintegration.^[39]

He has written extensively on matters relating to prisons and the military, in particular his 2003 book Prisongate: The Shocking State of Britain's Prisons and the Need for Visionary Change sets out his vision for reform of the prison system.^[40]

References

1. ^ "Birthdays". The Guardian. 2007-11-06. Archived from the original on 2007-11-06. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&res_dat=xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:newsuk&rft_id=xri:newsuk:newsart:1378040111. Retrieved 2008-09-30. 
2. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 39828. p. 2190. 17 April 1953. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
3. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 40484. p. 2992. 20 May 1955. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
4. ^ ^{a b} "David Ramsbotham—Profile". The Guardian (London). 3 June 2008. http://www.guardian.co.uk/global/2007/jun/03/davidramsbotham. Retrieved 2008-09-30. 
5. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 41378. p. 2821. 6 May 1958. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
6. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 42265. p. 768. 27 January 1961. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
7. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 44196. pp. 13458–13461. 9 December 1966. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
8. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 44493. pp. 75–76. 29 December 1967. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
9. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 45417. p. 7204. 5 July 1971. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
10. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 46162. pp. 5–6. 28 December 1973. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
11. ^ "Recommendations for Honours and Awards (Army)—Image details—Ramsbotham, David John" (Fee may be required to view full original recommendation). Doucments Online. The National Archives. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7948241. 
12. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 46953. p. 9284. 5 July 1976. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
13. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 47745. p. 651. 15 January 1979. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
14. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 48346. p. 14607. 20 October 1980. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
15. ^ "Leakers I have known". The Spectator. 1998-09-12. Archived from the original on 1998-09-12. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3724/is_199809/ai_n8817377. Retrieved 2008-09-30. 
16. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 50868. p. 3931. 23 March 1987. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
17. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 50799. p. 452. 12 January 1987. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
18. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 53001. p. 12678. 27 July 1992. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
19. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 50897. p. 5233. 16 April 1987. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
20. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 50948. p. 2. 12 June 1987. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
21. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 50986. p. 8660. 6 July 1987. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
22. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 53299. p. 8203. 10 May 1993. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
23. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 52242. p. 13262. 13 August 1990. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
24. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 52353. p. 18702. 3 December 1990. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
25. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 52427. p. 1044. 21 January 1991. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
26. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 52471. p. 3906. 11 March 1991. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
27. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 53153. p. 2. 30 December 1992. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
28. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 53312. p. 9062. 24 May 1993. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
29. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 53369. p. 11759. 12 July 1993. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
30. ^ London Gazette: no. 53312. p. 71. 2 January 1996. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
31. ^ London Gazette: no. 54270. p. 319. 8 January 1996. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
32. ^ Philip Johnston and Rachel Sylvester (2001-12-17). "Prisons chief 'forced to quit'". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1365518/Prisons-chief-'forced-to-quit'.html. Retrieved 2008-09-30. 
33. ^ Mary Riddell (1999-11-01). "The New Statesman Interview - David Ramsbotham". New Statesman. http://www.newstatesman.com/199911010012. Retrieved 2008-09-30. 
34. ^ Simon Hattenstone (2001-02-02). "Interview with the chief inspector of prisons—Sir David Ramsbotham, chief inspector of prisons, says 20,000 of our prisoners simply shouldn't be in jail. Now he feels he is being forced out of his job. Simon Hattenstone finds out why". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2001/feb/02/crime.penal1. Retrieved 2008-09-30. 
35. ^ "Breakfast with Frost—Peter Sissons interviews Sir David Ramsbotham—transcript". Breakfast with Frost (BBC). 2001-07-01. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast_with_frost/1451322.stm. Retrieved 2008-09-30. 
36. ^ London Gazette: no. 57593. p. 3537. 22 March 2005. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
37. ^ London Gazette: no. 57646. p. 6695. 23 May 2005. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
38. ^ "David Ramsbotham becomes pact's first ambassador". 2007-04-20. http://www.prisonadvice.org.uk/?q=node/61. Retrieved 2008-09-30. 
39. ^ "International Centre for Prison Studies—Organisation—Advisory board". King's College London. 2008-06-11. http://www.kcl.ac.uk/schools/law/research/icps/advisory.html. Retrieved 2008-09-30. 
40. ^ Sir David Ramsbotham (2003). Prisongate: The Shocking State of Britain's Prisons and the Need for Visionary Change. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743259521. OCLC 60578838. 

External links

• Archival material relating to David Ramsbotham, Baron Ramsbotham listed at the UK National Register of Archives

Military offices
Preceded by Anthony Walker	General Officer Commanding the 3rd Armoured Division 1984–1987	Succeeded by Edward Jones
Preceded by Sir John Akehurst	Commander UK Field Army 1987–1990	Succeeded by Sir Michael Wilkes
Preceded by Sir Robert Pascoe	Adjutant General 1990–1993	Succeeded by Sir Michael Wilkes
Government offices
Preceded by Stephen Tumim	Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons 1995-2001	Succeeded by Anne Owers

Persondata
Name	Ramsbotham, David
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	6 November 1934
Place of birth
Date of death
Place of death