St Leonard's, Shoreditch

Infobox church
name = St. Leonard's, Shoreditch
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caption = 18th century print of St. Leonard's
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denomination = Church of England
diocese = London
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architect = George Dance the Elder
style = Palladian
constructed_date = 1740
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vicar = Paul Turp
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address = London Borough of Hackney
country = United Kingdom
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St Leonard's, Shoreditch is the ancient parish church of Shoreditch, often known simply as Shoreditch Church. It is located at the intersection of Shoreditch High Street with Hackney Road, within the London Borough of Hackney. The current building dates from about 1740. The church is mentioned in the line "When I grow rich, say the bells of Shoreditch" from the nursery rhyme "Oranges and Lemons" [ [http://www.thecentreofattention.org/exhibitions/church.html The Centre of Attention at Shoreditch Church"] accessed 06/01/08] and is noted as being the resting place of many actors from the Tudor period.

Origins

The original church is possibly Saxon in origin, though the first historical reference to it occurs in the 12th century. The church was situated near The Theatre, England's first purpose built playhouse, built in Shoreditch in 1576, and the nearly contemporary Curtain Theatre (built in 1577). [http://www.rhymes.org.uk/bells-shoreditch.htm "The Bells of Shoreditch"] accessed 06/01/08] Several members of the theatrical profession, from the Elizabethan period are buried in the church including:
*James Burbage, the founder of The Theatre, England's first playhouse.
*His son Richard, who was the leading man in many of Shakespeare's plays, which were first performed in the contemporary Shoreditch theatres.
*The comedian Richard Tarlton, who was a stalwart of the pre-Shakespearian stage.

These, with others of their profession from the period, are commemorated by a large classical memorial erected by the London Shakespeare League in 1913, inside the church, which serves as a reminder of Shoreditch's Shakespearian heritage.

In 1774, the Shoreditch Vestry levied a special poor rate for the purpose of setting up a workhouse for the parish of St Leonard's which highlights the level of poverty in the area.

Current building

Following the partial collapse of the tower in 1716 the medieval church was rebuilt in Palladian style built by George Dance the Elder in 1736 - 1740, [ [http://www.thecentreofattention.org/exhibitions/church.html The Centre of Attention at Shoreditch Church"] accessed 06/01/08] with a soaring steeple 192 feet tall, an imitation of Christopher Wren's magnificent steeple on St Mary-le-Bow in Cheapside, [ [http://www.thecentreofattention.org/exhibitions/church.html The Centre of Attention at Shoreditch Church"] accessed 06/01/08] and a giant four columned, pedimented Tuscan portico. Inside the church the entablature is supported by giant Doric columns. The new church was designed by George Dance, architect of the Mansion House. Many original 18th century fixtures and fittings remain, including the font, the pulpit, the communion table, clock, organ case, bread cupboards and commandment boards. It was lit with gaslight in 1817, the first in London.

The parish stocks and whipping post stand in the porch of the church and in the churchyard is the Shoreditch parish pump.

Bells

Whilst the church has had bells for many centuries, as evidenced by its inclusion in the "Oranges and Lemons" nursery rhyme, the current ring of 12 bells (plus a "sharp second" to allow a lighter ring of eight bells using 1, sharp second and 3–7 to ring a true octave), hung for change ringing, dates from 1994 when the bells were cast by John Taylor Bellfounders (now part of Taylors Eayre & Smith Ltd) of Loughborough. [ [http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=Shoreditch&Submit=++Go++&DoveID=SHOREDITCH Details for Shoreditch S Leonard] , Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 2008-07-11.]

Distinguished parishioners

James Parkinson (1755–1824), after whom Parkinson's disease is named, and who lived at Hoxton Square nearby, is commemorated with a stone tablet inside the church; his grave is in the churchyard.

John George Appold, FRS (1800–1865), a pioneer of the centrifugal pump, is commemorated with a stone tablet inside the church.

ee also

* List of churches in London

References

;Notes
*Cherry, B and Pevsner, N (1998) "The Buildings of England. London 4: North". Penguin.
*Sugden, K. (n.d) "Under Hackney: The Archaeological Story". (Friends of Hackney Archives).

External links

* [http://www.ourpasthistory.com/England/st-leonards-shoreditch ourpasthistory.com]
* [http://www.london.anglican.org/ChurchShow_0521 Diocese of London church details]