Operation Dark Winter

Operation Dark Winter was the code name for a senior-level bio-terrorist attack simulation conducted from June 22–23, 2001.^[1][2][3] It was designed to carry out a mock version of a covert and widespread smallpox attack on the United States. Tara O'Toole and Thomas Inglesby of the Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies (CCBS) / Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), and Randy Larsen and Mark DeMier of Analytic Services were the principal designers, authors, and controllers of the Dark Winter project.

Dark Winter was focused on evaluating the inadequacies of a national emergency response during the use of a biological weapon against the American populace. The exercise was solely intended to establish preventive measures and response strategies by increasing governmental and public awareness on the magnitude and potential of such a threat posed by biological weapons.

Dark Winter's simulated scenario involved a localized smallpox attack on Oklahoma City. The simulation was then designed to spiral out of control. This would create a contingency in which the National Security Council struggles to determine both the origin of the attack as well as deal with containing the spreading virus. By not being able to keep pace with the disease's rate of spread, a new catastrophic contingency emerges in which massive civilian casualties would overwhelm America's emergency response capabilities.

The disastrous contingencies that would result in the massive loss of civilian life were used to exploit the weaknesses of the U.S. health care infrastructure and its inability to handle such a threat. The contingencies were also meant to address the widespread panic that would emerge and of which would result in mass social breakdown and mob violence. Exploits would also include the many difficulties that the media would face when providing American citizens with the necessary information regarding safety procedures.

Key participants

President	The Hon. Sam Nunn
National Security Advisor	The Hon. David Gergen
Director of Central Intelligence	The Hon. R. James Woolsey
Secretary of Defense	The Hon. John White[disambiguation needed ]
Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff	General John Tilelli (USA, Ret.)
Secretary of Health & Human Services	The Hon. Margaret Hamburg
Secretary of State	The Hon. Frank Wisner
Attorney General	The Hon. George Terwilliger
Director, Federal Emergency Management Agency	Mr. Jerome Hauer
Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation	The Hon. William Sessions
Governor of Oklahoma	The Hon. Frank Keating
Press Secretary, Gov. Frank Keating (OK)	Mr. Dan Mahoney
Correspondent, NBC News	Mr. Jim Miklaszewski
Pentagon Producer, CBS News	Ms. Mary Walsh
Reporter, British Broadcasting Corporation	Ms. Sian Edwards
Reporter, The New York Times	Ms. Judith Miller (journalist)
Reporter, Freelance	Mr. Lester Reingold

See also

• 2001 anthrax attacks

References

1. ^ O'Leary, N. P. M. (2005). "Bio-terrorism or Avian Influenza: California, The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act, and Protecting Civil Liberties During a Public Health Emergency". California Western Law Review (California Western School of Law) 42 (2): 249–286. ISSN 0008-1639. 
2. ^ Chauhan, Sharad S. (2004). Biological Weapons. APH Publishing. pp. 280–282. ISBN 9788176487320. 
3. ^ Kunstler, James Howard (2006). The Long Emergency. Grove Press. pp. 175–178. ISBN 9780802142498. 

External links

[Only two of these links are live—2/18/10]

• Dark Winter - Terrorism Information Center
• Operation Dark Winter
• Journal/Issues/Dark Winter PDF
• Dark Winter Research
• Local Response to a National Threat
• Preventing “Dark Winter”
• CNN: Dark Winter and lack of USA Preparedness
• Dark Winter Teaches Bioterror Lessons
• Dark Winter at SourceWatch