Endemic birds of Hawaii

This article is one of a series providing information about endemism among birds in the World's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject see Endemism in birds.

There are 71 known taxa of endemic Hawaiian birds, of which 23 are extinct and 30 of the remaining 48 species and subspecies are listed as endangered or threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Habitat loss and avian disease are thought to have had the greatest effect on endemic bird species in Hawaiokinai.

List of species

The following is a list of bird species endemic to the Hawaiian Islands:

Procellariidae

*Hawaiian Petrel, "Pterodroma sandwichensis" (VU)
*Newell's Shearwater, "Puffinus newelli" (EN)

Anatidae

*Hawaiian Goose or Nēnē, "Branta sandvicensis" (VU)
*Hawaiian Duck or koloa maoli, "Anas wyvilliana" (EN)
*Laysan Duck, "Anas laysanensis" (CR)

Accipitridae

*Hawaiian Hawk or 'Io, "Buteo solitarius" (NT)

Rallidae

*Laysan Rail, "Porzana palmeri" †
*Hawaiian Rail, "Porzana sandwichensis" †
*Hawaiian Moorhen, "Gallinula chloropus sandwichensis"
*Hawaiian Coot, "Fulica alai" (VU)

Recurvirostridae

*Hawaiian Stilt, "Himantopus mexicanus knudseni"

Laridae

*Hawaiian (Black) Noddy, "Anous minutus melanogenys"

Strigidae

*Pueo, "Asio flammeus sandwichensis"

Meliphagidae

*Kauaokinai okinaŌokinaō, "Moho braccatus" †
*Ookinaahu okinaŌokinaō, "Moho apicalis" †
*Molokaokinai okinaŌokinaō, "Moho bishopi" †
*Hawaiokinai okinaŌokinaō, "Moho nobilis" †
*Kioea, "Chaetoptila angustipluma" †

Corvidae

*Hawaiian Crow or ´Alala, "Corvus hawaiiensis" (EW)

Monarchidae

* Kauaokinai okinaElepaio, "Chasiempis sandwichensis sclateri"
* Ookinaahu okinaElepaio, "Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis"
* Hawaiokinai okinaElepaio, "Chasiempis sandwichensis sandwichensis"

Sylviidae

*Laysan Millerbird, "Acrocephalus familaris familaris"
*Nihoa Millerbird, "Acrocephalus familaris kingi"

Turdidae

* Kamaokinao, "Myadestes myadestinus" †
*okinaĀmaui, "Myadestes oahensis" †
* Olomaokinao, "Myadestes lanaiensis lanaiensis"
*okinaOmaokinao, "Myadestes obscurus" (VU)
*Puaiohi, "Myadestes palmeri" (CR)

Drepanididae

*Laysan Finch, "Telespiza cantans" (VU)
*Nihoa Finch, "Telespiza ultima" (CR)
*okinaŌokinaū, "Psittirostra psittacea" (CR)
*Lanaokinai Hookbill, "Dysmorodrepanis munroi" †
*Palila, "Loxioides bailleui" (EN)
*Lesser Koa-finch, "Rhodacanthis flaviceps" †
*Greater Koa-finch, "Rhodacanthis palmeri" †
*Kona Grosbeak, "Chloridops kona" †
*Maui Parrotbill, "Pseudonestor xanthophrys" (CR)
*Kauaokinai okinaAkialoa, "Akialoa stejnegeri" or "Hemignathus ellisianus procerus"
*Ookinaahu okinaAkialoa, "Akialoa ellisiana" or "Hemignathus ellisianus ellisianus"
*Maui Nui okinaAkialoa, "Akialoa lanaiensis" or "Hemignathus ellisianus lanaiensis"
* Lesser okinaAkialoa, "Akialoa obscura" or "Hemignathus obscurus" †
*Common okinaAmakihi, "Hemignathus virens" (LC)
*Ookinaahu okinaAmakihi, "Hemignathus flavus" (VU)
*Kauokinai okinaAmakihi, "Hemignathus kauaiensis" (VU)
*Greater okinaAmakihi, "Hemignathus sagittirostris" †
*Nukupuokinau, "Hemignathus lucidus" (CR)
*okinaAkiapolaokinaau, "Hemignathus munroi" (EN)
*okinaAnianiau, "Magumma parva" (VU)
*okinaAkikiki, "Oreomystis bairdi" (CR)
*Hawaiokinai Creeper, "Oreomystis mana" (EN)
*Ookinaahu okinaAlauahio, "Paroreomyza maculata" (CR)
*Maui okinaAlauahio, "Paroreomyza montana" (EN)
*Kakawahie, "Paroreomyza flammea" †
*okinaAkekeokinae, "Loxops caeruleirostris" (CR)
*okinaAkepa, "Loxops coccineus" (EN)
*okinaUla-okinaai-Hawane, "Ciridops anna" †
*okinaIokinaiwi, "Vestiaria coccinea" (VU)
*Hawaiokinai Mamo, "Drepanis pacifica" †
*Black Mamo, "Drepanis funerea" †
*okinaAkohekohe, "Palmeria dolei" (CR)
*okinaApapane, "Himatione sanguinea" (LC)
*Pookinao-uli, "Melamprosops phaeosoma" (CR)

ee also

* List of bird species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands

References

*(2005). "Hawaii's Birds". Hawaii Audubon Society. Sixth ed.

External links

* [http://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/noframe/t018.htm USGS Biology Programs] , Informative site but species classification is out of date
* [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species]
* [http://www.birdinghawaii.co.uk/XEndemicforestbirds2.htm Hawai'i's Endemic Forest Birds] - Distribution, Status and Population Updates 2002