List of birds of Fiji

List of birds of Fiji

The avifauna of Fiji is the richest in West Polynesia. Numerous families reach the furthest east of their range, and the island is home to several endemic species and genera, as well as sharing several more endemics with its close neighbours Tonga and Samoa.

Ther avifauna of Fiji has been heavily impacted by the arrival of humans. Several species (and some genera) were lost in prehistory and are known only from fossil remains. Other have become extinct more recently, and some species remain very close to extinction. It is certain that the current knowledge of the previous ranges of many species is incomplete and further research is needed.

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Fiji. The avifauna of Fiji includes a total of 149 species, of which 27 are endemic, 13 have been introduced by humans, and 34 are rare or accidental. Numerous species listed have been extirpated from Fiji and are not included in the species count, although they are listed where known. 17 species are globally threatened.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families, and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of Clements's 5th edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflects this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Fiji.

The following tags have been used to highlight certain relevant categories. (?) Indicates uncertain record or uncertainty about current status of species.

* (V) Vagrant A species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Fiji.
* (B) Breeder A species that breeds in Fiji.
* (M) Migrant A species that regularly migrates to Fiji.
* (P) Passage Migrant A species that neither breeds nor winters in Fiji but regularly passes through.
* (I) Introduced A species introduced to Fiji as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions.
* (X) Extirpated A species that no longer occurs here although populations may exist elsewhere.
* (*) Endemic A species that is endemic to Fiji.

__NOTOC__

hearwaters and Petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized 'true petrels', characterised by united nostrils with a medium septum, and a long outer functional primary. There are 75 species worldwide and 16 species which occur in Fiji.

Pelicans

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under the beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. There are 8 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Fiji.

Bitterns, Herons and Egrets

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large sized wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds suck as storks, ibises and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted. There are 61 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Fiji.

Hawks, Kites and Eagles

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey and include hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. There are 233 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Fiji.

Turkeys

Order: GalliformesFamily: Meleagrididae

Turkeys are similar to large pheasants but have a distinctive fleshy wattle that hangs from the beak, called a snood. The are two species, both native to the Americas, and 1 species which occurs in Fiji.

Plovers and Lapwings

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water, although there are some exceptions. There are 66 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in Fiji.

Gulls

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large birds seabirds and includes gulls and kittiwakes. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. There are 55 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Fiji.

Parrots and lorikeets

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittacidae

Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak shape. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and the have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two back. There are 335 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in Fiji.

Frogmouths

Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Podargidae

The frogmouths are a group of nocturnal birds related to the nightjars. They are named for their large flattened hooked bills and huge frog-like gape, which they use to take insects. There are 12 species worldwide and 1 species was introduced to Fiji but subsequently was expirated.

wallows and Martins

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae

The Hirundinidae family is a group of passerines characterized by their adaptation to aerial feeding. Their adaptations include a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and short bills with wide gape. The feet are designed for perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. There are 75 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Fiji.

Thrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. There are 335 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Fiji.

Monarch flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines, which hunt by flycatching. There are 99 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Fiji.

White-eyes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small and are mostly of undistinguished appearance, the plumage above being generally either some dull color like greenish olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests many species have a white ring around the eyes. There are 96 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Fiji.

Bellmagpies and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cracticidae

The cracticids: currawongs, bellmagpies, and butcherbirds, are similar to the other corvids. They have large, straight bills and mostly black, white or grey plumage. All are omnivorous to some degree. Ther are 12 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Fiji.

parrows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae

Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed-eaters, and they also consume small insects. There are 35 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Fiji.

ee also

* List of birds
* Lists of birds by region

References

* cite web
last = Lepage
first = Denis
authorlink =
coauthors =
year =
url = http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp?region=fj&pg=checklist&list=clements
title = Checklist of birds of Fiji
format =
work = Bird Checklists of the World
publisher = Avibase
accessdate = 28 April
accessyear = 2007

* cite book
title=Birds of the World: a Checklist
first= James F.
last = Clements
publisher = Cornell University Press
date = 2000
id = ISBN 0-934797-16-1
pages = 880

* Pratt, H., Bruner, P & Berrett, D. (1987) "The Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific" Princeton University Press:Princeton ISBN 0-691-08402-5
* Steadman D, (2006). "Extinction and Biogeography in Tropical Pacific Birds", University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77142-7

Notes


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • List of birds of American Samoa — This is a list of the bird species recorded in American Samoa. The avifauna of American Samoa includes a total of 65 species, of which 5 have been introduced by humans, 14 are rare or accidental and 1 species, the Mao, is extirpated.Watling, Dick …   Wikipedia

  • List of birds of Niue — This is a list of the bird species recorded in Niue. The avifauna of Niue includes a total of 29 species, of which 1 has been introduced by humans, and 9 are rare or accidental.Watling, Dick (2001) A Guide to the Birds of Fiji Western Polynesia …   Wikipedia

  • List of birds of Tonga — This is a list of the bird species recorded in Tonga. The avifauna of Tonga includes a total of 73 species, of which 2 are endemic, 5 have been introduced by humans, and 8 are rare or accidental. 7 species are globally threatened.This list s… …   Wikipedia

  • List of birds of Wallis and Futuna — This is a list of the bird species recorded in Wallis and Futuna. The avifauna of Wallis and Futuna includes a total of 39 species, of which 2 have been introduced by humans, and 3 are rare or accidental. 2 species are globally threatened.This… …   Wikipedia

  • Fiji Bush-warbler — Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification King …   Wikipedia

  • Fiji Woodswallow — Taxobox name = Fiji Woodswallow status = LC | status system = IUCN3.1 status ref =BirdLife International 2004. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/51226/all Artamus mentalis] . [http://www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of… …   Wikipedia

  • Geography of Fiji — Fiji closeup map (not included: Ceva i Ra in the southwest and Rotuma in the north …   Wikipedia

  • List of extinct birds — This page refers only to birds that have gone extinct since the year 1500 A.D./C.E. and usually were subject to scientific study while alive.Since 1500, over 190 species of birds have become extinct, and this rate of extinction seems to be… …   Wikipedia

  • List of introduced bird species — This list of introduced bird species includes all the species of bird successfully or unsuccessfully introduced to an area other than their native range, or to an area they formerly inhabited. This practice has been harmful in many areas,… …   Wikipedia

  • List of national founders — Founding fathers redirects here. For the founding fathers of the United States, see Founding fathers of the United States. For the founding fathers of the European Union, see Founding fathers of the European Union. The following list of national… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”