Monash University shooting

Monash University shooting
Exterior of Menzies Building, site of the shooting
Location	Monash University, Melbourne
Coordinates	37°54′46″S 145°07′57″E / 37.9127°S 145.1326°E / -37.9127; 145.1326Coordinates: 37°54′46″S 145°07′57″E / 37.9127°S 145.1326°E / -37.9127; 145.1326
Date	21 October 2002 11:24am (UTC+10)
Attack type	School shooting
Death(s)	2
Injured	5
Perpetrator	Huan Yun "Allen" Xiang

The Monash University shooting refers to a shooting in which a student shot his classmates and teacher, killing two and injuring five. It took place at Monash University in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on 21 October 2002. The gunman, Huan Yun Xiang, was acquitted of crimes related to the shootings due to mental impairment, and is currently under psychiatric care. Several of the people present in the room of the shootings have been commended for their bravery in tackling Xiang and ending the shooting.

Events of 21 October

At 11:24am on 21 October,^[1], Huan Yun "Allen" Xiang^[2] a commerce student at the university,^[3] armed with five loaded handguns, opened fire in room E 659 of the Menzies Building on Monash's Clayton campus^[4] in an econometrics class containing twelve students. ^[5] People in the classroom were initially confused by the noise and by Xiang screaming "You never understand me!" from the desk he was standing on.^[5]

Xiang killed two students in the room:^[2][6]

1. Xu Hui "William" Wu, an international student from Hong Kong and neighbour of Xiang's in Melbourne; and
2. Steven Chan, a student from Doncaster.

Xiang wounded five others: ^[3][5][6][7]

1. lecturer Lee Gordon-Brown, who was shot in the arm and knee;
2. student Daniel Urbach, who was wounded in the shoulder and arm;
3. student Laurie Brown, who was wounded in the leg and abdomen;
4. student Christine Young, who was shot in the face; and
5. student Leigh Dat Huynh, who was discharged from hospital within a day.

When Xiang stopped shooting and moved to switch weapons, Lee Gordon-Brown, the injured lecturer, grabbed Xiang's hands as he reached into his jacket. Gordon-Brown and a student in the room, Alastair Boast, a trained wing chun practitioner, tackled him.^{[3][5][8] [9]} Bradley Thompson later entered the room and discovered other guns in a holster around Xiang's waist, and removed two magazines from near his left hip, and a revolver from the base of his back.^[2]

After Gordon-Brown collapsed, Boast and Thompson were helped by a lecturer from a nearby room, Brett Inder, to restrain Xiang for fifteen minutes until police arrived, while student Andrew Swann, and university administrator Colin Thornby, provided first aid. ^{[1][4][10] [11]} At least one injured student reportedly left the room and sought help for his injuries from security staff.^[12]

Xiang was deemed by police to be unfit for interview but wrote a note referring to William Wu after his arrest saying "I finally ended WW's life." ^[1][5]

All classes in the Menzies Building were cancelled for the rest of the day and the university set up counselling stations.^[12]

Trial

Xiang pleaded not guilty before his trial to two counts of murder and five of attempted murder on account of mental impairment.^[13]

During his two day trial in June 2004^[14], prosecutor Sue Pullen presented evidence that Xiang felt the killings were his destiny.^[5] Evidence showed that Xiang had joined the Sporting Shooters Association of Australia in April 2002^[2][5], and gained a handgun licence in June 2002^[2]. One lecturer, Gael Martin, told the court that she had expressed concerns about his mental state a week prior to the shootings^[5]. Evidence was offered that he harboured delusional beliefs that William Wu was an agent of evil and would destroy him academically, and that his actions on 21 October 2002 focused on fulfilling a perceived destiny to kill Wu.^[13][14]

The defense and prosecution in Xiang's trial agreed that he suffered from a paranoid delusional disorder.^[1] The prosecution asked the jury to find him not guilty.^[13] On 17 June 2004 the Victorian Supreme Court jury found him not guilty of the murder of Wu and Chan and of the attempted murder of five other people in the tutorial room due to mental impairment. Justice Bernard Teague ordered Xiang be transferred to the Thomas Embling psychiatric hospital. He may be held there for as long as 25 years.^[1][14]

Responses

Memorials

On 22 October 2002, the day after the shooting, flags on Clayton campus flew at half mast, and a graffiti artist wrote "Life is short. Cherish your friends. Love one another. R.I.P." on a campus billboard.^[10][15] On the first anniversary of the shootings, 21 October 2003, a day of reflection was held on Clayton campus.^[4]

William Wu and Steven Chan were posthumously awarded honours degrees by Monash University.^[7]

Media

Early media coverage focussed on Xiang's limited English skills and resulting difficulties communicating as possible contributing factors to his decisions.^[3][16][17]

There was also editorial coverage arguing both for and against additional legal restrictions on handguns being introduced in Australia.^[18][19]

Shooting massacres in Australia and other English-speaking countries often occurred close together in time. Forensic psychiatrists attribute this to copycat behaviour,^[20][21] which is in many cases triggered by sensational media treatment.^[22][23] Mass murderers study media reports and imitate the actions and equipment that are sensationalised in them.^[24] The Monash shooting occurred at the height of publicity for the Beltway sniper attacks, which was extremely prominent from 3 October to the arrest of the perpetrators on 24 October 2002, three days after the Monash shootings.

Gun ownership laws

Main article: Gun politics in Australia

The then Prime Minister of Australia, John Howard, initiated another review of Australian gun laws after it was discovered that Xiang had acquired his firearms legally.^[25] The Victorian State Government prepared new laws doubling the punishment for misuse of handguns and introducing new laws against trafficking in handguns after the shooting,^[6] and all other states followed.

The National Handgun Buyback Act 2003 put new restrictions on maximum calibre, magazine capacity and minimum barrel lengths for all handguns. Most owners either modified their handguns to comply or replaced them with compliant new handguns. Competitive target shooters were paid compensation for their pistols if they agreed to give up the sport for five years.^[26][27] Victoria began its handgun buyback scheme in August 2003.^[28][29]

Bravery awards

Lee Gordon-Brown, Alastair Boast, Brett Inder, Bradley Thompson, Andrew Swann and Colin Thornby all received bravery awards for their part in restraining Xiang and helping injured victims.^{[1][30] [31]} The Royal Humane Society awarded Gordon-Brown the 2005 Stanhope Gold Medal, the highest Commonwealth award for bravery. In addition The Royal Humane Society of Australia (RHSA) awarded him the 2004 Clarke Gold Medal of the RHSA and he was awarded the Star of Courage, the second highest award for bravery in the Australian honours system. The RHSA awarded Alastair Boast the Gold Medal of the RHSA.^[9][32]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Australian Associated Press (2004-06-14). "Killer sent to psych hospital" (in English). The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/06/17/1087245033577.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} Berry, Jamie (2003-09-12). "How a shooting spree changed the nation's gun laws" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/09/11/1063268520184.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Murphy, Padraic; Misha Ketchell and Andrew Heasley (2002-10-22). "Two die as gunman attacks his own class" (in English). The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/10/21/1034561446759.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
4. ^ ^{a b c} Rood, David (2003-10-21). "Reluctant heroes draw positives from pain" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/10/20/1066631353598.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
5. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Berry, Jamie (2003-09-12). "Student believed Monash killings were 'his destiny'" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/09/11/1063268520181.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
6. ^ ^{a b c} Crabb, Annabel (2002-10-23). "PM flags tougher gun laws" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/22/1034561495101.html. Retrieved 2007-04-19. 
7. ^ ^{a b} Ketchell, Misha (2002-10-26). "Shooting victims awarded degrees" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/25/1035504882975.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
8. ^ Webster, Andrew (2002-10-23). "Kung fu fighter a modest campus hero" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/23/1034561500605.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
9. ^ ^{a b} "Gallant Australian academic wins highest Commonwealth bravery award" (Press release). The Royal Humane Society of Australia. 2006-07-06. http://www.rhsa.org.au/clark_medal.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
10. ^ ^{a b} Milovanovic, Selma; Orietta Guerrera (2002-10-23). "Man accused of uni deaths remanded in custody" (in English). The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/10/22/1034561495354.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
11. ^ Tozer, Kate (2002-10-22). "Students at Monash University remember the heroes". PM, ABC. http://www.abc.net.au/pm/stories/s708056.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
12. ^ ^{a b} "Two shot dead, five wounded at Monash Uni" (in English). The Sydney Morning Herald. 2002-10-21. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/10/21/1034561430158.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
13. ^ ^{a b c} Australian Associated Press (2004-06-15). "Monash murder accused 'mentally impaired'" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/06/15/1087244911610.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
14. ^ ^{a b c} Topsfield, Jewel (2004-06-18). "Monash gunman not guilty" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/06/17/1087245037927.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
15. ^ Guerrera, Orietta (2002-10-23). "A sombre uni gets on with life" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/22/1034561495107.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
16. ^ Murphy, Padraic; Steve Butcher (2002-10-22). "Talented loner who struggled in class" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/22/1034561449610.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
17. ^ Rees, Margaret (2002-10-29). "Two students killed in Australian university shooting" (in English). World Socialist Web Site. http://www.wsws.org/articles/2002/oct2002/mon-o29.shtml. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
18. ^ Whitley, John (2002-10-31). "Let everyone have a gun" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/30/1035683473411.html. Retrieved 2007-04-19. 
19. ^ Costello, Tim (2002-10-24). "Firearms: the repeating menace" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/23/1034561548267.html. Retrieved 2007-04-19. 
20. ^ Mullen, Paul quoted in Hannon K 1997, “Copycats to Blame for Massacres Says Expert”, Courier Mail, 4/3/1997
21. ^ Cantor, Mullen and Alpers, 2000 Mass homicide: the civil massacre. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 28:1:55-63.
22. ^ Phillips, D. P. 1980. Airplane accidents, murder, and the mass media: Towards a theory of imitation and suggestion. Social Forces, 58, 1001-1024.
23. ^ Cialdini, Robert 2001. Influence: Science and Practice 4th Ed. Allyn and Bacon, pp121-130.
24. ^ Cramer, C 1993. Ethical problems of mass murder coverage in the mass media. Journal of Mass Media Ethics 9.
25. ^ "Gun laws under scrutiny after Monash shooting" (in English). ABC News Online. 2002-10-23. http://abc.net.au/news/politics/2002/10/item20021023002157_1.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
26. ^ Governor General of Australia. "Assent of Acts". Archived from the original on 2007-08-29. http://web.archive.org/web/20070829042434/http://www.gg.gov.au/governorgeneral/aoa.php. Retrieved 2007-04-19. 
27. ^ Hudson, Phillip (2003-06-30). "Prices set in handgun crackdown" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/06/29/1056825278337.html. Retrieved 2007-04-19. 
28. ^ Hudson, Phillip (2003-07-01). "Victoria delays gun buyback move" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/06/30/1056825335239.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
29. ^ Strong, Geoff (2003-08-09). "Day one of the gun buy-back tough for some" (in English). The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/08/08/1060145866843.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
30. ^ "Ambulance service awards honour our community heroes" (Press release). State Government Victoria. 2002-12. http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/humanservicesnews/dec02/hero.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
31. ^ "Monash heroes and indigenous lecturers recognised alongside Australia's leading university teachers" (Press release). The Hon Dr Brendan Nelson MP - Media Centre. 2002-12-03. http://www.dest.gov.au/ministers/nelson/dec02/n254_031202.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-18. 
32. ^ "Highest Commonwealth bravery award for Monash academic" (Press release). Monash University. 2006-08-16. http://www.monash.edu.au/news/monashmemo/stories/20060816/bravery-award.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18.