Okęcie Airport Incident

Józef Młynarczyk, Zbigniew Boniek and Władysław Żmuda (extreme left to right), all Widzew Łódź players, defied the team management over Młynarczyk's pre-travel antics and lost their places in the Poland line-up along with dissenting ŁKS forward Stanisław Terlecki. Włodzimierz Smolarek (extreme right) also stood by Młynarczyk, but was not dropped. Although the three banned Widzew players were recalled nearly a year later, Terlecki never represented the country again.

The Okęcie Airport Incident (Polish: Afera na Okęciu) occurred in November 1980 at Warsaw’s Okęcie Airport. It involved five Polish international footballers: Józef Młynarczyk, Stanisław Terlecki, Zbigniew Boniek, Włodzimierz Smolarek and Władysław Żmuda. Młynarczyk had spent the night before the team left for an away trip in a restaurant with a journalist, and was thus tired and hungover in the morning. Manager Ryszard Kulesza and coach Bernard Blaut therefore resolved to leave without him, a decision that was opposed by Terlecki, Boniek, Smolarek and Żmuda. Kulesza relented to the dissident players and allowed Młynarczyk to travel with the team. Four of the five players were later temporarily banned from representing Poland, while Kulesza paid the price for his leniency as he lost his job over the affair.

Background

Main articles: History of Solidarity and Lublin 1980 strikes

In late November 1980, Ryszard Kulesza's Poland team was preparing for a 1982 FIFA World Cup qualifying match away to Malta on 7 December.^[1] The Poles had planned to leave Warsaw ten days before the match because they had organised a training camp in Italy as well as a match against an Italian League representative team.^[2] Poland were at the time regarded as one of the world's top sides, having finished third in the 1974 World Cup.^[3] Ranked sixth in the world by the Elo rating system,^[4] Poland had beaten Spain 2–1 and Algeria 5–1 in the weeks running up to the incident.^[1]

Strike at the Gdańsk Shipyard, 1980

One of Poland's key players of the time was the ŁKS Łódź forward Stanisław Terlecki, the "outspoken" son of two university lecturers who had earnt a degree in history from the University of Łódź.^[5] Terlecki, known for reading western magazines such as Time and Newsweek on journeys with the national team despite the Communist rule in Poland, had already been in trouble with the Polish Football Association (PZPN) in 1975 when he moved clubs without permission.^[5]

Poland in 1980 was a hotbed of unrest: The June 1976 protests across the country had seen violent incidents at factories in Płock, Radom and Ursus, and after the workers' strikes were quelled,^[6] they received sympathy from intellectuals such as Terlecki.^[5][7] Following the creation of Solidarity, Terlecki himself attempted to form a footballers' union, resulting in a PZPN-enforced six-month suspension from the national team.^[5] Solidarity, the first non-Communist trade union in an Eastern bloc country, had been formed in July and August 1980 in Gdańsk,^[7] prompting the Polish government to enforce censorship and to cut all phone connections between the coast and the rest of Poland.^[7] Despite the efforts of the authorities, four out of every five Polish workers were members of the union by the Autumn of 1980.^[7]

The incident

Poland backroom staff, 1976 – from left: Bernard Blaut and Jacek Gmoch (coaches), Ryszard Kulesza (manager) and Janusz Garlicki (physiotherapist)

On the night before the team's departure for Italy, goalkeeper Józef Młynarczyk of Widzew Łódź spent several hours drinking in Warsaw’s Hotel Wera restaurant with a friend, Janusz Zielonacki, a Polish sports journalist.^[8] As a result, Młynarczyk did not sleep during the night and, according to Stanisław Terlecki, mentioned his worry about possible retribution from the manager during breakfast.^[8] Młynarczyk was too drunk to even carry his own bags, which his team-mate Włodzimierz Smolarek had to carry.^[8] In front of the team bus, Smolarek was confronted by Kulesza's assistant, Bernard Blaut, who told him that Młynarczyk was to stay behind.^[8][9]

Młynarczyk's "alleged drunkenness"^[10] was "blown out of proportion"^[10] according to the team's forward, Grzegorz Lato;^[10] upon hearing of Blaut's decision, Smolarek, Terlecki and two other Polish players – Zbigniew Boniek and Władysław Żmuda – decided to side with the goalkeeper.^[8] In the argument which followed, the players nearly came to blows with Blaut.^[8] All five played for clubs from the central city of Łódź: Boniek, Smolarek, and Żmuda were team-mates of Młynarczyk's at Widzew, while Terlecki turned out for ŁKS. When Młynarczyk arrived at the airport in Terlecki's car, Kulesza, facing mutiny, gave up and decided to take the goalkeeper to Italy and Malta.^[9]

Due to the large media presence at the airport, news about the incident quickly spread across the country after the team left for Rome: The government swiftly decided to use the scandal to distract the people in the face of the "Solidarity Carnival".^[11] Meanwhile, in the Italian capital, Terlecki disobeyed orders by organising a meeting with the Pope for the players.^[5][9] The PZPN reacted to this second act of defiance by sending Terlecki, Młynarczyk, Boniek and Żmuda home before the team travelled on to Malta.^[8][9] Despite being without four of their first-team players, Poland beat Malta 2–0 in a game blighted by violence as the match was stopped after 77 minutes by Maltese fans throwing stones at the Polish players.^[1] Młynarczyk was replaced between the posts by Lech Poznań’s Piotr Mowlik.^[9]

Aftermath

Antoni Piechniczek replaced Kulesza as manager soon after the incident.

When the team returned to Poland, Terlecki once again attempted to form a players' union: Securing the support of 16 other members of the Poland squad, he wrote a letter to the Association declaring their intention to do so, leading the authorities to order them to face a tribunal.^[5] Only Terlecki, Boniek, Żmuda and Młynarczyk continued to endorse the letter when challenged in court.^[5][12] General Marian Ryba, head of the Association and a former military prosecutor,^[9] decided to bar each player from the Poland squad until December 1981.^[5][8] Regarding Kulesza as too lenient, he also forced the manager to tender his resignation, replacing him with Odra Opole manager Antoni Piechniczek on 5 January 1981.^[9] Ryba himself was to resign his post in April 1981.^[9]

In addition to their international bans, the players involved faced penalties at club level. Boniek and Terlecki were each banned for a year,^[12] while Żmuda was suspended for eight months.^[12] Boniek would later describe the incident as "the most dramatic moment in [his] career".^[13] Smolarek was treated more leniently; his sentence of two months came with a six-month suspension period.^[12] Despite being without some of their top players, Widzew Łódź were crowned champions of Poland at the end of the 1980–81 season.^[12]

Młynarczyk, Boniek and Żmuda had their bans cancelled early: Żmuda and Młynarczyk returned in the 1–0 home win over East Germany on 2 May 1981,^[14] while Boniek regained his national team place as Poland lost 2–0 to West Germany on 2 September.^[1][15] The players' recall was mostly due to efforts of the new manager, Piechniczek: Młynarczyk was among his favourites, and had previously played under him at BKS Stal Bielsko-Biała and Odra Opole before moving to Widzew before the 1980–81 campaign.^[11] Piechniczek also saw fit to drop Śląsk Wrocław forward Janusz Sybis: The new manager preferred to field a team made up of tall and physically strong players, and Sybis, a short and skilful player who had been a regular under Kulesza, saw his opportunities limited as a result.^[16]

Despite his team-mates' return, Terlecki would never represent Poland again:^[8] It was not the first time that Terlecki had been in trouble with the Association, and although Terlecki appealed against the ban several times, his suspension was not lifted.^[5][8] Terlecki participated in students’ strikes at his old university in Łódź and across Poland before his activities caused his club, ŁKS Łódź, to cancel his registration.^[5][8] Stating that "[he was] being treated like a leper",^[8] Terlecki emigrated to the United States in June 1981, where he was such a success with the Pittsburgh Spirit of the Major Indoor Soccer League that former Pittsburgh forward Graham Fyfe dubbed him "Stan the Fran (as in "franchise")".^[5] He did not return to Poland until 1986.^[17]

Even without Terlecki, Poland qualified for the 1982 World Cup with a perfect record.^[18] Piechniczek's team were knocked out by Italy in the semi-finals,^[19] but then defeated France 3–2 to repeat the third-place finish that the team had achieved eight years before.^[19] Meanwhile, Kulesza became the manager of Tunisia and later founded a coaching school in Warsaw which became popularly known as "Kuleszowka".^[20]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Gerrard, Russell. "Results of Poland 1980–1985". The Archive of International Football Results. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. http://www.staff.city.ac.uk/r.j.gerrard/cgi-bin/rdifarch_21.pl?SECONDARY=any&PRIMARY=pol&FROMYEAR=1980&TOYEAR=1985&COMP=0&TABULAR=0&DATAVER=10.0. Retrieved 2009-09-26. 
2. ^ Dobrowolski, Piotr (2000-12-17). "(Re)prezentacja skandalistów" (in Polish). Słowo Ludu. http://www.slowoludu.com.pl/gazeta/codzienna/2001/17xii/5k.pdf. Retrieved 2009-09-26. 
3. ^ "World Cup 1974 finals". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. http://www.rsssf.com/tables/74full.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26. 
4. ^ "World Football Elo Ratings: Poland". World Football Elo Ratings. Advanced Satellite Consulting. http://www.eloratings.net/Poland.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-26. 
5. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Anderson, Bruce (1982-02-15). "Stan The Fran, Free Spirit". Sports Illustrated (Time Inc.). http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1125236/index.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-26. "He was the bread-and-butter man during student strikes in [Ł]odz in 1981, using his connections to get food by the carload for university students. And twice he was suspended by the federation—the first time for six months, then for a year—for trying to form a players' union. … Forward Graham Fyfe tagged Terlecki Stan the Fran—as in franchise." 
6. ^ Falk, Barbara J. (2003). The Dilemmas of Dissidence in East-Central Europe: Citizen Intellectuals and Philosopher Kings. Central European University Press. p. 34. ISBN 9639241393. 
7. ^ ^{a b c d} Barker, Colin. "The rise of Solidarnosc". International Socialism, Issue: 108. http://www.isj.org.uk/index.php4?id=136&issue=108. Retrieved 2006-07-10. 
8. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} Błoński, Robert (2005-11-14). "Terlecki: Życie zaczyna się po 50-tce" (in Polish). Sport.pl (Agora SA). http://www.sport.pl/sport/1,65026,3012349.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26. 
9. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Szczeplek, Stefan (2006-01-23). "Drugi Medal Polaków" (in Polish). Rzeczpospolita (Presspublica). http://www.rzeczpospolita.pl/dodatki/dodatek1_060123/dodatek1_a_2.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26. 
10. ^ ^{a b c} Malicki, Wojciech. "Stan wojenny i piłka nożna (via Wayback)" (in Polish). Grzegorz Lato – Wspomnienia. Wojciech Malicki. Archived from the original on 2008-08-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20080802220741/http://www.grzegorzlato.republika.pl/lato3.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-30. 
11. ^ ^{a b} Kalwa, Andrzej (2008-08-07). "Poligon: Rola alkohola" (in Polish). Z czuba (Agora SA). http://www.zczuba.pl/zczuba/1,90957,5565462,Poligon__Rola_alkohola.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26. 
12. ^ ^{a b c d e} Kukuć, Bogusław (2003-07-21). "Taki był Wielki Widzew" (in Polish). Dziennik Łódzki (Polskapresse Sp.). http://www.widzewtomy.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=187:taki-bys-wielki-widzew&catid=35:okiem-kibica&Itemid=76. Retrieved 2009-09-30. 
13. ^ Wołowski, Dariusz; Blonski, Robert (2002-09-05). "Boniek o aferze na Okęciu" (in Polish). Sport.pl (Agora SA). http://www.sport.pl/pilka/1,37064,1004819.html. Retrieved 2009-09-30. 
14. ^ Mamrud, Roberto. "Wladyslaw Zmuda – International Appearances". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/zmuda-intl.html. Retrieved 2009-09-27. 
15. ^ Klukowski, Tomasz. "Zbigniew Boniek – International Appearances". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/boniek-intl.html. Retrieved 2009-09-27. 
16. ^ Maciorowski, Miroslaw (2002-12-23). "Aleja Gwiazd" (in Polish). Gazeta.pl (Agora SA). http://www.slasknet.com/aleja/sybis.php. Retrieved 2009-09-30. 
17. ^ "Stanisław Terlecki" (in Polish). 90minut.pl. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. http://www.90minut.pl/kariera.php?id=2200. Retrieved 2009-09-26. 
18. ^ "World Cup 1982 Qualifying". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. http://www.rsssf.com/tables/82q.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26. 
19. ^ ^{a b} "World Cup 1982 finals". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. http://www.rsssf.com/tables/82full.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26. 
20. ^ Szczepłek, Stefan (2008-05-20). "Dobry człowiek" (in Polish). Rzeczpospolita (Presspublica). http://www.rp.pl/artykul/136986.html. Retrieved 2009-09-30.