Northern Liao

Northern Liao
Northern Liao
北遼
←
1122–1123 →
 
→
Capital Not specified
Religion Tengrism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion
Government Monarchy
Emperor
 - 1122 Emperor Xuanzong
 - 1123 Emperor Yingzong
History
 - Established 1122 1122
 - Emperor Yingzong was killed 1123 1123
Currency Chinese cash, Chinese coin, copper coins etc.

Northern Liao (simplified Chinese: 北辽; traditional Chinese: 北遼; pinyin: Běi Liáo) was a state created by the Khitans, separated from the Liao Dynasty, in northern China around Nanjing (today's Beijing) and Zhongjing (today's Ningcheng). It only existed for about nine months in 1122-1123.

When the Emperor Tianzuo of Liao fled to the west under the military pressure of the Jin Dynasty, he appointed Yelü Chun (1062–1122, a grandson of Emperor Xingzong of Liao), Prince of Yan, as the Governor of Nanjing (Nanjing Liushou) (should not be confused with today's Nanjing). Yelü Chun was enthroned as the Emperor Tianxi in March 1122 (Chinese calendar), when the communication with Emperor Tianzuo was lost. Since Liao Dynasty of the Emperor Tianzuo still existed, the state at Nanjing was called as Northern Liao by historians.

Yelü Chun's era name was Jianfu. He defeated the attack of the Song army, led by Tong Guan. He died in June 1122 (Chinese calendar), with temple name Xuanzong and posthumous name Xiaozhang.

Yelü Chun was succeeded nominally by Prince of Qin, Yelü Ding. However, since Yelü Ding was never able to come to Nanjing, the real power fell to Empress Dowager De (of family Xiao), with the new era name Dexing. In December (Chinese calendar, probably in 1123), the garrison of Nanjing surrendered to the Jin army, ending the brief existence of Northern Liao. Xiao De fled to Emperor Tianzuo, only to be killed by him.

Emperors

HI

Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miàohào) Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 shìhào) Birth Names Period of Reigns Era Names (Nian Hao 年號 niánhào) and their according range of years
Xuanzong (宣宗) 天锡皇帝 Yelü Chun (耶律淳) 1122 Jianfu (建福)
None None Yelü Yali (耶律雅里) 1123 Shenli (神历)
Yingzong (英宗) None Yelü Jing (耶律术烈) 1123 None

References

  • Liao Shi, volume 30, biography of Yelü Chun
Preceded by
Liao Dynasty		 Dynasties in Chinese history
1122-1123		 Succeeded by
Jin Dynasty
(See also Western Liao)

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