New Zealand Storm Petrel

New Zealand Storm Petrel
Conservation status
Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Procellariiformes
Family:	Hydrobatidae
Subfamily:	Oceanitinae
Genus:	Oceanites
Species:	O. maorianus
Binomial name
Oceanites maorianus (Mathews, 1912)

The New Zealand Storm Petrel (Oceanites maorianus) is a small seabird of the tubenose family. Previously thought to be extinct since 1850, a series of sightings from 2003 to the present indicate the presence of a previously unknown colony.^[1][2] As of 2010^[update] it is ranked on the IUCN Red List as critically endangered.^[3] It has on occasion been considered a subspecies or even variant of Wilson's Storm Petrel, O. oceanicus, but is quite distinct. In 2011 DNA samples from museum specimens in England and France matched that of birds in the Hauraki Gulf.^[4] The study also suggested the species is probably more closely related to storm petrels in the genus Fregetta than Oceanites.^[5]

Outside the breeding season it is pelagic, remaining at sea, and this, together with its remote breeding sites, makes it a difficult bird to observe.

New Zealand Storm Petrel photographed in Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand

It had been believed to be extinct, but on 25 January 2003 a possible sighting was made by Sav Saville, Brent Stephenson and others close to the Mercury Islands off the Coromandel Peninsula of New Zealand's North Island, leading to several inconclusive photographs and an article being published. On 17 November 2003 while looking for Black-bellied Storm Petrels and White-faced Storm Petrels, Bob Flood and Bryan Thomas obtained good photographs and video of 10 to 20 New Zealand Storm Petrels off Great Barrier and Little Barrier Islands in the Hauraki Gulf. Subsequently, four Storm Petrels were captured and released in a similar area in late 2005/early 2006, three with radio transmitters attached. These have only been tracked at sea; efforts to find the bird's breeding location have been unsuccessful to date. The most likely breeding location is within the Hauraki Gulf where the New Zealand Storm Petrel working group are concentrating their efforts. Tour operators have also regularly seen these birds on the Hauraki Gulf since this time.

The New Zealand Storm Petrel is a small seabird, dark brown/black above, except for its white rump. The underparts are black from the throat to the breast, with a white belly that has black streaking, and the feet project well beyond the tail. This storm-petrel is strictly nocturnal at the breeding sites to avoid predation by gulls and skuas. Like most petrels, its walking ability is limited to a short shuffle to the burrow. It differs from the more common petrel species found in New Zealand, Wilson's storm petrel, by its pale bar on the upper wing, white belly with streaking, narrow white panel on the underwings, longer legs, and dark webs to the feet.

References

1. ^ Flood (2003). "The New Zealand storm-petrel is not extinct". Birding world 16: 479–483. 
2. ^ "NZ seabird returns 150 years on". BBC News. 24 December 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3344917.stm. 
3. ^ "Oceanites maorianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2010. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/150572. Retrieved 25 September 2011. 
4. ^ Woulfe, Catherine (2011-09-25). "Big flap over little dead bird". Stuff.co.nz (New Zealand). http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/5678963/Big-flap-over-little-dead-bird. Retrieved 2011-09-25. 
5. ^ Robertson, Bruce; Brent M. Stephenson & Sharyn J. Goldstien (2011). "When rediscovery is not enough: Taxonomic uncertainty hinders conservation of a critically endangered bird". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.08.001. 

Further reading

• Gaskin, C.P.; Baird, K.A. (2005). "Observations of black and white storm petrels in the Hauraki Gulf, November 2003 to June 2005; Were they of New Zealand storm petrels?". Notornis 52: 181–194. 
• Saville, S.; Stephenson, B.; Southey, I. (2003). "A possible sighting of an ‘extinct’ bird – the New Zealand storm petrel". Birding World 16: 173–175. 

External links

• BirdLife Species Factsheet