Nehru Setu

Nehru Setu
Carries	Grand Chord railway track
Crosses	Son River
Locale	Dehri-Son Nagar
Design	Steel girders on stone pillars
Total length	3,064 metres (10,052 ft)
Number of spans	93
Opened	27 February 1900
Coordinates	24°53′33″N 84°12′58″E / 24.8925°N 84.2162°E / 24.8925; 84.2162

Nehru Setu (Hindi: नेहरू सेतु) (earlier referred to as the Upper Son Bridge), across the Son River, between Dehri-on-Son and Son Nagar, in Bihar, is the second longest railway bridge in India, after Vembanad Rail Bridge in Kerala. However, the latter is meant only for goods traffic.^[1][2]

The Son river

Sir John Houlton describes the Son as follows, “After passing the steep escarpments of the Kaimur range, it flows straight across the plain to the Ganges. For much of this distance it is over two miles – and at one point, opposite Tilothu – three miles wide. In the dry weather there is vast expanse of sand, with a stream not more than a hundred yards wide, and the hot west winds pile up the sand on the east bank, making natural embankments. After heavy rain in the hills even this wide bed cannot carry the waters of the Son and disastrous floods in Shahabad, Gaya, and Patna are not uncommon.”^[3]

The Grand Chord

When the railway line between Kolkata and Delhi was first laid, it passed through Bhagalpur, Lakhisarai, Patna and Mughalsarai, covering a distance of 1,636 km. Subsequently, the Grand Chord line via Gaya reduced the distance by 80 km.^[4]The main line crosses the Son over the Koilwar bridge and the Dehri-Son Nagar bridge accommodates the Grand Chord line.^[3]

Steel girders resting on 93 stone pillars, each a hundred feet apart, forms the rail bridge. The total length of the bridge over abutments is 3,064 metres (10,052 ft).^[5] It was opened for traffic on 27 February 1900.^[6] When it was built, it was the longest bridge in India and was believed to be the second longest bridge in the world.^[5][3]Subsequently, longer road bridges were built but it remained the longest rail bridge for many years.^[7][6]The opening of the 4.62 km Vembanad Rail Bridge, connecting the Container Transshipment Terminal on Vallarpadam Island to Edappally, in February 2011, pushed it to the second position.^[1][8]

Surroundings

Jawahar Setu, the road bridge carrying NH 2 and running parallel to the Nehru Setu, was constructed in 1963–65.^[9]

The Government of Bihar sanctioned in 2008, a bridge across the Son River connecting Arwal and Sahar in Bojpur district.^[10]

The Koilwar bridge preceded the Nehru Setu and was opened in 1862.^[11]A four-lane road bridge, carrying NH 30, parallel to the existing rail and road Koilwar Bridge, has been planned.^[12]

An anicut was constructed across the Son, a little upstream of the present Nehru Setu and Jawahar Setu, in 1873–74. The Indrapuri Barrage was constructed, 8 km upstream, and commissioned in 1968.^[13]

See also

• List of longest bridges in the world
• List of longest bridges above water in India

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "A bridge over Vembanad Lake". The Hindu. http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/article512225.ece. Retrieved 25 June 2011. 
2. ^ "India's 15 most amazing bridges". Vembanad Rail Bridge. Rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indias-15-most-amazing-bridges/20110623.htm. Retrieved 27 June 2011. 
3. ^ ^{a b c} Houlton, Sir John, Bihar, the Heart of India, pp. 47–48, Orient Longmans, 1949.
4. ^ "Grand rerun of Raj rail route – Railways enact Lord Minto’s flag-off at Gujhandi to celebrate 100 years of Dhanbad-Gaya chord line". The Telegraph, 7 December 2006. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061207/asp/jharkhand/story_7104699.asp. Retrieved 25 June 2011. 
5. ^ ^{a b} O’malley, L.S.S.. "Bihar and Orissa Gazeteers Sahabad". p. 166, Dehri. Google Books. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=iftaR6DVxIAC&pg=PA166&lpg=PA166&dq=Son+Bridge+Dehri&source=bl&ots=PzI8CQC1In&sig=LiM2IihB-RvySeNfxIfh_Oo_K-M&hl=en&ei=zYsFTuC9OcaGrAeBvPmuDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBTge#v=onepage&q=Son%20Bridge%20Dehri&f=false. Retrieved 25 June 2011. 
6. ^ ^{a b} "Indian Railways Some Fascinating Facts". Indian Army. http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp4P10C.aspx?MnId=Vc+cQKo89ws=&ParentID=Z5auAgQo/gw=. Retrieved 25 June 2011. 
7. ^ "Longest Railway Bridge in India". Colours of India. http://www.thecolorsofindia.com/interesting-facts/infrastructure/longest-railway-bridge-in-india.html. Retrieved 25 June 2011. 
8. ^ "Longest railway bridge in Kochi". ForumCo.com. http://irse.forumco.com/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1888. Retrieved 25 June 2011. 
9. ^ "Dehri on Son, India". Google Profiles. https://profiles.google.com/dehrionsoneindia#dehrionsoneindia/about. Retrieved 25 June 2011. 
10. ^ "Arwal". The Bihar, 31 March 2010. http://www.thebihar.com/about-bihar/location/arwal/. Retrieved 2011-07-03. 
11. ^ "Bridges: The Spectacular Feat of Indian Railways" (pdf). National Informatics Centre. http://irsme.nic.in/files/mmfiles/BRIDGES_RRB.pdf. Retrieved 2011-07-05. 
12. ^ "Four-lane connector over Sone, Ganga". The Telegraph, 8 April 2011. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110408/jsp/bihar/story_13823833.jsp. Retrieved 25 June 2011. 
13. ^ "Performance Evaluation of Patna Main Canal". ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region,. http://oibsv2.iwmi.org/guidelines/India-Bihar_Upadhyaya.pdf. Retrieved 25 June 2011.