Buckminsterfullerene

Buckminsterfullerene
Buckminsterfullerene
IUPAC name
(C60-Ih)[​5,6]fulle​rene
Other names
Buckyball; Fullerene-C60; [60]fullerene
Identifiers
CAS number 99685-96-8 YesY
PubChem 123591
ChemSpider 110185 YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:33128 YesY
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C60
Molar mass 720.64 g mol−1
 YesY (verify) (what is: YesY/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references
Solution of buckminsterfullerene in benzene

Buckminsterfullerene is a spherical fullerene molecule with the formula C60. It was first intentionally prepared in 1985 by Harold Kroto, James Heath, Sean O'Brien, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley at Rice University.[1] Kroto, Curl, and Smalley were awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their roles in the discovery of buckminsterfullerene and the related class of molecules, the fullerenes. The name is a homage to Richard Buckminster Fuller, whose geodesic domes it resembles. Buckminsterfullerene was the first fullerene molecule discovered and it is also the most common in terms of natural occurrence, as it can be found in small quantities in soot.[2][3][4]

Buckminsterfullerene is the largest matter to have been shown to exhibit wave–particle duality.[5]

Structure

The structure of a buckminsterfullerene is a truncated icosahedron made of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons, with a carbon atom at the vertices of each polygon and a bond along each polygon edge. The van der Waals diameter of a C60 molecule is about 1.01 nanometer (nm). The nucleus to nucleus diameter of a C60 molecule is about 0.71 nm. The C60 molecule has two bond lengths. The 6:6 ring bonds (between two hexagons) can be considered "double bonds" and are shorter than the 6:5 bonds (between a hexagon and a pentagon). Its average bond length is 1.4 Å (angstroms). Each carbon atom in the structure is bonded covalently with 3 others. Carbon atoms have 6 electrons, meaning their electronic structure is u2,4. To become stable, the carbon atom needs 8 electrons in its outer shell, and covalently bonding with 3 other atoms will only make 7 electrons in its outer shell. This means that the one unbonded electron on every carbon atom is free to float around all of the compound's atoms. This, in addition to its size, makes it potentially useful in nanotechnology.

References

  1. ^ Kroto, H.W.; et al. (1985). "C60: Buckminsterfullerene". Nature 318 (6042): 162–163. Bibcode 1985Natur.318..162K. doi:10.1038/318162a0. 
  2. ^ Howard JB, McKinnon JT, Makarovsky Y, Lafleur AL, Johnson ME, in Nature 1991;352:139
  3. ^ Howard JB, Lafleur AL, Makarovsky Y, Mitra S, Pope CJ, Yadav TK, in Carbon 1992;30:1183
  4. ^ Grieco WJ, Lafleur AL, Swallow KC, Richter H, Taghizadeh K, Howard JB, in Proc. Combust Inst, 1998;27:1669
  5. ^ Nature: Wave–particle duality of C60 molecules, 14 October 1999. Abstract, subscription needed for full text

External links

Media related to Fullerenes at Wikimedia Commons

v · d · eAllotropes of carbon
sp3 forms
sp2 forms
Graphite • Graphene • Fullerenes (Buckminsterfullerene, Nanotubes, Nanobuds) • Glassy carbon
sp forms
Linear acetylenic carbon
mixed sp3/sp2 forms
other forms
C1 • C2 • C3 • C8
related

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • buckminsterfullerene —  Buckminsterfullerene  Бакминстерфуллерен: (см. фуллерен; молекула С60, букибол, футболен)   Молекула, составленная из 60 атомов углерода. Имеет 12 пентагональных и 20 гексагональных симметрично расположенных граней, образующих форму, близкую к… …   Толковый англо-русский словарь по нанотехнологии. - М.

  • buckminsterfullerene — [buk′min stər fool΄ə rēn′] n. [after Buckminster FULLER (Richard) Buckminster] a round, pure carbon fullerene, C60, with a structure similar to that of a geodesic dome …   English World dictionary

  • Buckminsterfullerène — « C60 » redirige ici. Pour le paquebot, voir Himalaya (paquebot). Buckminsterfullerène …   Wikipédia en Français

  • buckminsterfullerene — noun Etymology: R. Buckminster Fuller Date: 1985 a spherical fullerene C60 that is an extremely stable form of pure carbon, consists of interconnected pentagons and hexagons suggestive of the geometry of a geodesic dome, and is believed to be a… …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • buckminsterfullerene — /buk min steuhr fool euh reen /, n. the form of fullerene having sixty carbon atoms. [1985; see FULLERENE] * * * …   Universalium

  • buckminsterfullerene — noun an allotrope of carbon having a hollow molecule consisting of 60 atoms arranged in 12 pentagonal and 20 hexagonal faces to form a truncated icosahedron; the smallest of the fullerenes …   Wiktionary

  • buckminsterfullerene — [ˌbʌkmɪnstə fʊləri:n] noun Chemistry a form of carbon having molecules of 60 atoms arranged in a polyhedron resembling a geodesic sphere. See also fullerene. Origin 1980s: named after the American designer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller …   English new terms dictionary

  • buckminsterfullerene — buck·min·sterful·le·rene …   English syllables

  • buckminsterfullerene — buck•min•ster•ful•ler•ene [[t]ˌbʌk mɪn stərˈfʊl əˌrin[/t]] n. chem. the form of fullerene having sixty carbon atoms • Etymology: 1985; see fullerene …   From formal English to slang

  • buckminsterfullerene — /ˌbʌkmɪnstəˌfʊləˈrin/ (say .bukminstuh.fooluh reen) noun a molecule of spheroidal structure consisting of 60 carbon atoms arranged as 12 pentagonal and hexagonal interlocking faces. Also, buckyball. {named after R(ichard) Buckminster Fuller,… …  

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