Martin Ryerson Tomb

Martin Ryerson Mausoleum
U.S. Historic district Contributing property
The front elevation of the Martin Ryerson Tomb.
Location:	Chicago, Illinois, United States
Built:	1889
Architect:	Louis Sullivan
Architectural style:	Egyptian Revival
Governing body:	Graceland Cemetery
Part of:	Graceland Cemetery (#00001628)
Added to NRHP:	January 18, 2001

The Martin Ryerson Tomb is an Egyptian Revival style mausoleum designed by Louis Sullivan and completed in 1889. It is in the historic Graceland Cemetery in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

History

Martin Ryerson was a wealthy Chicago lumber baron and real estate speculator. He lived from 1818–1887 and during his lifetime he, and his son Martin Ryerson, Jr., commissioned several Chicago works by architect Louis H. Sullivan.^[1][2][3] The Ryerson Tomb was commissioned by Martin Ryerson, Jr. in 1887,^[4] and completed by Sullivan, lead designer at Adler & Sullivan, in 1889.^[1] The Ryerson Tomb is in the Lakeside section of Chicago's Graceland Cemetery, near the intersection of cemetery roads Main, Lake and Fairview Avenue.^[5]

Architecture

The Martin Ryerson Tomb was designed by acclaimed architect Louis H. Sullivan in an Egyptian Revival style. Sullivan's design melds two different types of Egyptian-style buildings, the pyramid and the mastaba.^[6] The base of the tomb building is the slant-walled mastaba which features three windows.^[7] The mausoleum is constructed from large blocks of highly polished Quincy granite,^[6] and was inspired by Egyptian funerary traditions.^[2] The tomb's exterior contains no Egyptian symbols but has a door cutting directly through its center as well as an austere fillet cornice. The tomb's roof is topped with a tower which in turn is topped with a stepped pyramid. Uniquely, the tomb evokes Egyptian precedents through its dark, massive form, instead of the more typical reliance on Egyptian-style ornamentation.^[2] Inside the mausoleum is one of Sullivan's trademark arches, the arch frames a Sullivan-designed, but unsigned, bust of Ryerson.^[6] The Ryerson Mausoleum is one of three tombs that Louis Sullivan designed during his career. The Getty Tomb, completed one year after the 1889 Ryerson Tomb, is also located in Graceland Cemetery.^[7] The other Sullivan-designed tomb, the Wainwright Tomb, is in St. Louis, Missouri.^[7]

Significance

The polished black granite reflects the cemetery landscape.

The Ryerson Tomb is unique among Egyptian Revival tombs owing to its lack of overt, exterior Egyptian decoration.^[2][6] In a category all its own, the Ryerson Tomb is among the most important Egyptian Revival works in the United States.^[1] The Ryerson Tomb is a contributing member of the Graceland Cemetery National Register of Historic Places listing.^[6][8]

See also

• Getty Tomb
• Wainwright Tomb

References

• Kiefer, Charles D., Achilles, Rolf, and Vogel, Neil A. "Graceland Cemetery" (pdf), National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, HAARGIS Database, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, June 18, 2000, accessed September 28, 2011.
• Manieri-Elia, Mario. Louis Henry Sullivan, (Google Books link), Princeton Architectural Press, 1996, (ISBN 1568980922).

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} Kiefer, et. al., p. 140.
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Sinkevitch, Alice. AIA Guide to Chicago, (Google Books link), Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2004, p. 226, (ISBN 0156029081).
3. ^ The buildings Sullivan designed for the Ryersons were the Jewelers' Building (1881–82), Revell Building (1881–83), Ryerson Building (1884), the Ryerson Charities Trust Building (1886), another Ryerson Building (1887), Walker Warehouse (1888–90). See Manieri-Elia.
4. ^ Manieri-Elia, pp. 23–24.
5. ^ Kiefer, et. al., pp. 16–17.
6. ^ ^{a b c d e} Kiefer, et. al., p. 31.
7. ^ ^{a b c} Yalom, Marilyn. "The American Resting Place: Four Hundred Years of History Through Our Cemeteries and Burial", (Google Books link), Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2008, pp. 178–80, (ISBN 0618624279).
8. ^ "Graceland Cemetery, Ryerson, Martin, Mausoleum, Property Information Report, HAARGIS Database, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, accessed September 28, 2011.