Nuuk Airport

Nuuk Airport Mittarfik Nuuk Nuuk Lufthavn
Aerial view of the runway
IATA: GOH – ICAO: BGGH
Summary
Airport type		Public
Operator		Mittarfeqarfiit
Serves		Nuuk, Greenland
Elevation AMSL		283 ft / 86 m
Coordinates		64°11′27″N 051°40′41″W / 64.19083°N 51.67806°W / 64.19083; -51.67806Coordinates: 64°11′27″N 051°40′41″W / 64.19083°N 51.67806°W / 64.19083; -51.67806
Website		Nuuk Lufthavn
Map
BGGH Location in Greenland
Runways
Direction	Length		Surface
	m	ft
05/23	950	3,117	Asphalt
Statistics (2008)
Passengers			63,575
Source: Danish AIS[1] Statistics from airport[2]

Nuuk Airport (Kalaallisut: Mittarfik Nuuk; Danish: Nuuk Lufthavn; (IATA: GOH, ICAO: BGGH)) is an airport in Nuuk, the capital of Greenland. The airport is a technical base and focus city for Air Greenland, the flag-carrier airline of Greenland, linking the capital with several towns in western and south-western part of the country, including the airline hub at Kangerlussuaq Airport. With connections to Iceland, Nuuk Airport is also one of 6 international airports in Greenland.

In the early 1960s, water planes of the newly established Air Greenland landed in Nuuk Port. In 1965, the airline invested in developing a more robust fleet based on the large Sikorsky S-61 helicopter, which continued to serve the town for the next four decades, even after the construction of an airport in Nuuk capable of serving the short takeoff and landing de Havilland Canada Dash-7 aircraft, which dominated at the airport since the 1970s.

The airport was constructed to serve the largest town in Greenland, yet due to space constraints at the location in a mountainous area and problems with the weather, it is unable to service large airliners. An expansion of the airport is not an acceptable option also due to the approach over the urbanized area of the outlying districts of Nuuk, although the issue continues to be a subject of internal debate in Greenland.

History

Water plane era

In the early 1960s, after the establishment of Air Greenland on 7 November 1960 as Greenlandair,^[3] Nuuk was served exclusively by the PBY Catalina water planes, with the aircraft using the waterways of the Nuuk Port as a landing site.^[3] In 1962 a PBY Catalina crashed near the port, killing 15 people onboard.^[3]

Helicopter era

The Sikorsky S-61N helicopter connected Nuuk with smaller towns for more than four decades.

The tragedy was one of the factors leading to the decision to invest in a helicopter fleet. The Sikorsky S-61N machines—still in use in 2010^[4]—proved to be a more reliable mode of transport for the city, providing exclusive service for the Nuuk city for more than a decade—from the purchase date in 1965 until the late 1970s.^[3]

Even in the later era of the fixed-wing, turboprop plane domination, the S-61N helicopters continued to link Nuuk with the smaller Paamiut town, until the airport was built there in 2007, replacing the old heliport.^[5]

Regional airport network

Nuuk Airport was built in 1979,^[6] when the then newly formed Home Rule government decided to create a network of the STOL-capable domestic airports.^[7] The airport in the largest city in Greenland was a priority for the government, followed by Kulusuk Airport^[7] in Kulusuk in south-eastern Greenland, and Ilulissat Airport^[7] in Ilulissat, the largest town in the Disko Bay region of western Greenland. This constituted the first such wave of network expansion.^[7]

Network expansion

It wasn't until the 1990s that the network experienced another spurt of large-scale growth, when the airports in the remaining larger towns were built: Sisimiut Airport in Sisimiut and Maniitsoq Airport in Maniitsoq in central-western Greenland,^[8] Aasiaat Airport in the Disko Bay region,^[8] Upernavik Airport in Upernavik in northwestern Greenland,^[8] and Qaarsut Airport,^[8] an airport in Qaarsut, a settlement in the Uummannaq Fjord region; the airport serving both the village and the larger town of Uummannaq,^[9] located on the rocky Uummannaq Island.

2000-onwards

The terminal at Nuuk Airport.

The first international flights from Nuuk Airport were to Iqaluit in Nunavut, Canada. This connection was closed 13 years later,^[7] and for years afterwards international flights to Greenland were limited to Kangerlussuaq Airport in central western Greenland, 319 km (198 mi) to the north of Nuuk, an airport inherited from the U.S. Air Force when the former Sondrestrom Air Base was handed over to the then Home Rule government on 30 September 1992.

Two Dash-8 200Q aircraft at Nuuk Airport

Unlike Nuuk Airport, the airport in Kangerlussuaq can serve large airliners, and remains the airline hub of Air Greenland, the flag-carrier of Greenland. The airline is opposed to relocation of its hub, citing the costs of such a move and consistently favourable weather conditions at Kangerlussuaq, located deep inland, about 30 km (19 mi) from the edge of the Greenland ice sheet (Kalaallisut: Sermersuaq). The airline argues that the infrastructure at Kangerlussuaq is good, and visibility is not hampered by the coastal fogs, storms, heavy snowfall, and frequent turbulence in particular.^[10]

These well-grounded arguments for preserving the status quo pose a problem for the Government of Greenland, which oversees the development of the airport network through Mittarfeqarfiit, the airport administration authority. More than a quarter of Greenland's population lives in Nuuk,^[11] with the majority of the important institutions in the country located in the city, and the need to change planes at Kangerlussuaq is costly and time-consuming for passengers.^[12]

With the airport being limited to serving small planes, the possibilities for international connections remain limited. Reopening of the connection to Iqaluit was considered by Air Greenland in late 2009, but was later postponed until at least 2011.^[13] In order to compete with Air Iceland, which operates services to Nuuk, Narsarsuaq, Ilulissat, and all airports on the eastern coast,^[14] Air Greenland announced opening of new connections with Iceland,^[15] linking Nuuk and Narsarsuaq with Keflavík International Airport, later restricting it to Nuuk.^[16] In 2010, the route will be operated in May–June and September, with a possible extension to full-season in 2011.^[16]

"Amaalik" undergoes open-air maintenance at the airport

Beyond schedule

The de Havilland Canada Dash 8 turboprops, acquired in Spring 2010, are the newest planes in the Air Greenland fleet,^[17] and are based at the airport. The aircraft are used for the seasonal flights to Iceland, and for charter flights, such as the shuttle flights for the 2010 Inuit Circumpolar Council general assembly in Nuuk.^[18]

Nuuk Airport is also home to the Beechcraft King Air B200 "Amaalik", used for air ambulance flights and occasional charters.^[19] The airport is also used for various charter flights, such as airlifts to the summit of the 1,210 metres (3,970 ft)^[20] Sermitsiaq Mountain,^[21] a landmark of Nuuk, located on Sermitsiaq Island north of the airport.

Geography

Runway scarp and fence

The airport is located 2 NM (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) northeast^[1] of Nuuk Centrum. The former suburbs of Nuuk, such as Nuussuaq, Quassussuup Tungaa, and Qinngorput, incorporated into the town in the last decade, have brought the city closer to the airport. As of 2010 the airport is within walking distance of the nearest continuously inhabited area, its runway approximately 700 m (2,300 ft) from the University of Greenland campus.

Runway expansion

Nuuk airport has one asphalt runway (05/23) 950 × 30 m (3,117 × 98 ft) 283 ft (86 m) above sea level.^[1] The airport terminal and apron are built on a levelled platform on an undulating slope under the Ukkusissat mountain, with the runway platform artificially elevated to compensate for the scarp immediately to the west. The runway platform bed is composed of broken rock and rubble, topped with gravel, and protected by a low, wooden fence.

There is little room for expansion in the north.

Undercarriage deployed during approach over Nuup Kangerlua. It is here between Sermitsiaq and the airport that the aircraft was seriously threatened by air vent turbulence, which would be hard to avoid for a large airliner, unlike the highly maneuverable Dash-7s.^[10]

The northern end of the runway is less than 700 m (2,300 ft) from the shore of Nuup Kangerlua fjord. An expansion of the runway in that direction would require relocation of the connecting road, which climbs under the runway scarp. An often-discussed extension of the runway^[10][12] in the other direction would have brought the endpoint close to Qinngorput, the newest district of Nuuk, rapidly expanding in the late 2000s.

It is not possible to lengthen the runway to more than 3 km (1.9 mi) in any direction, but plans are drafted for expansion on a smaller scale, with the aim of extending the runway to 1,199 m (3,934 ft).^[22] The extension issue is a long-standing topic of ongoing controversy in Greenland.^[10][12] Rough weather in the region is cited as life-threatening to larger airplanes, given the additional difficulty of approach in a mountainous region.^[10]

Approach

To land at the airport, fixed-wing planes flying from the north must currently perform a full 180-degree U-turn, flying directly over the city. Heavy turbulence frequently occurs and could lead to a crash, with widespread loss of life and property.^[10]

Airlines and destinations

Air Greenland has its technical base at Nuuk Airport (hangars pictured).

Airlines	Destinations
Air Greenland	Kangerlussuaq, Kulusuk, Maniitsoq, Narsarsuaq, Paamiut, Sisimiut, Qeqqata Seasonal: Reykjavík-Keflavík[23]
Air Iceland	Reykjavík[24][25]

Facilities

Nuuk Airport is has a passenger terminal, and a cargo terminal of Air Greenland.^[26] It serves as the technical base for Air Greenland.^[27] The airport is equipped with the distance measuring equipment.^[1]

Terminal

Air Greenland check-in desk at the terminal

There are three gates in the terminal, located in the same area as the check-in desks and the waiting hall, with unrestricted access. The luggage conveyor belt is installed in a separate section of the terminal. The airport is closed on Sundays.^[1]

Ground transport

Line 3 of Nuup Bussii connects the airport with Nuuk Centrum, passing through the Nuussuaq and Quassussuup Tungaa districts on the way. Buses depart from the airport every hour during rush hours Mo-Fr.^[28][29] Taxis operated by Nuna Taxa are also available.^[30] Limited-time parking for private cars is available outside the terminal.^[31]

Recent Accidents and Incidents

• On 7 June 2008, an Eurocopter AS350 of Air Greenland crashed on the runway at Nuuk Airport.^[32] There were no injuries, but the helicopter was damaged beyond repair.^[32][33]
• On 4 March 2011, an Air Iceland's Dash 8 landing gear collapsed while landing on the runway. No injuries, but some heavy damage to the aircraft.

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} BGGH – Nuuk Airport (PDF). Greenlandic Aeronautical Information Publication from Statens Luftfartsvæsen (CAA-DK).
2. ^ "Årsrapport 2008 Samlet" (in Danish) (PDF). Mittarfeqarfiit. http://www.glv.gl/LinkClick.aspx?link=Om-GLV%2fAarsrapport%2fAarsrapport_2008_samlet.pdf&tabid=335&mid=1011. Retrieved 14 July 2010. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Air Greenland 50th Anniversary "Grønlandsfly 1960–69" (in Danish). Air Greenland. http://50.airgreenland.dk/60'erne/ Air Greenland 50th Anniversary. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
4. ^ "Fleet: Aircraft and Helicopters". Air Greenland. http://airgreenland.com/om_air_greenland/fly_og_helikoptere/. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
5. ^ "Så fik Paamiut sin lufthavn" (in Danish). Sermitsiaq. 1 December 2007. http://sermitsiaq.gl/politik/article23535.ece. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
6. ^ "Our History". Air Greenland. http://airgreenland.com/om_air_greenland/vores_historie/. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
7. ^ ^{a b c d e} Air Greenland 50th Anniversary "Grønlandsfly 1980–89" (in Danish). Air Greenland. http://50.airgreenland.dk/80'erne/ Air Greenland 50th Anniversary. Retrieved 14 July 2010. 
8. ^ ^{a b c d} Air Greenland 50th Anniversary "Grønlandsfly 1990–99" (in Danish). Air Greenland. http://50.airgreenland.dk/90'erne/ Air Greenland 50th Anniversary. Retrieved 14 July 2010. 
9. ^ "How to get there". Greenland Guide. http://www.greenland-guide.gl/uummannaq-tourist/getto.htm. Retrieved 14 July 2010. 
10. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "Turbulens ved Nuuk kan ende i flytragedie" (in Danish). Sermitsiaq. 24 October 2007. http://sermitsiaq.gl/politik/article19185.ece. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
11. ^ "Greenland in Figures 2010" (PDF). Statistics Greenland. http://www.stat.gl/LinkClick.aspx?link=Greenland+in+Figures%2fGIF_2010.pdf. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
12. ^ ^{a b c} "Leder: 56.000 trafikofre" (in Danish). Sermitsiaq. 11 September 2008. http://sermitsiaq.gl/leder/article54569.ece. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
13. ^ "Iqaluit rute udsat" (in Danish). Sermitsiaq. 18 September 2009. http://sermitsiaq.gl/erhverv/article97117.ece. Retrieved 14 July 2010. 
14. ^ "Air Iceland's Destinations". Air Iceland. http://www.airiceland.is/AirIceland/Destinations/. Retrieved 14 July 2010. 
15. ^ "Stor interesse for debat med Binzer" (in Danish). Sermitsiaq. 18 November 2009. http://sermitsiaq.gl/erhverv/article103270.ece. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
16. ^ ^{a b} "Erhvervsliv raser mod Air Greenland" (in Danish). Sermitsiaq. 14 April 2010. http://sermitsiaq.gl/erhverv/article115147.ece. Retrieved 14 July 2010. 
17. ^ "Første Dash-8 lander i Nuuk" (in Danish). Sermitsiaq. 30 April 2010. http://sermitsiaq.gl/indland/article116841.ece. Retrieved 17 May 2010. 
18. ^ "Nuuk Declaration 2010". Inuit Circumpolar Council. http://www.inuit.org/index.php?id=409. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
19. ^ Air Greenland 50th Anniversary "Kingair BE200B" (in Danish). Air Greenland. http://50.airgreenland.dk/kingair_be200b/ Air Greenland 50th Anniversary. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
20. ^ "TIL OPPLYSNING". Norwegian University of Science and Technology. http://www.ntnu.no/ub/formidl/utgivelser/til_opplysning/to_nr15.php. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
21. ^ "Programme". Arctic Science Summit Week. http://www.assw2010.org/index.php?id=119. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
22. ^ "Seriøse planer om at udvide lufthavnen i Nuuk" (in Danish). Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa. 24 May 2009. http://www.knr.gl/index.php?id=183&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=45110&cHash=8379ea778c. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
23. ^ "Booking system". Air Greenland. http://book.airgreenland.com/. Retrieved 14 July 2010. 
24. ^ "Nuuk Greenland". Air Iceland. http://www.airiceland.is/AirIceland/Destinations/Nuuk/. Retrieved 14 July 2010. 
25. ^ "Air Iceland til Nuuk året rundt" (in Danish). Sermitsiaq. 14 July 2010. http://sermitsiaq.ag/erhverv/article124216.ece. Retrieved 14 July 2010. 
26. ^ "Cargo Contact". Air Greenland. http://airgreenland.com/cargo/information_og_adresser/. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
27. ^ "Flyvetryghedskursus i Nuuk" (in Danish). Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa. 17 July 2010. http://knr.gl/index.php?id=183&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=58108&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=143&cHash=c17e973e18. Retrieved 18 July 2010. 
28. ^ O'Carroll, Etain (2005). Greenland and the Arctic. Lonely Planet. pp. 153. ISBN 1-74059-095-3. 
29. ^ "Time Tables". Nuup Bussii. http://www.bus.gl/Køreplaner/tabid/56/Default.aspx. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
30. ^ "Nuuk". Air Greenland. http://airgreenland.com/information/voresdestinationer/flybilletter_til_nuuk/. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
31. ^ "Snart slut med langtidsparkering i Nuuk Lufthavn" (in Danish). Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa. 13 July 2006. http://www.knr.gl/index.php?id=297&tx_ttnews%5BpS%5D=1151719200&tx_ttnews%5BpL%5D=2678399&tx_ttnews%5Barc%5D=1&tx_ttnews%5Bpointer%5D=5&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=13965&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=844&cHash=bb6ca7b157. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
32. ^ ^{a b} "Helikopter styrtet ned i Nuuk" (in Danish). Sermitsiaq. 7 June 2008. http://sermitsiaq.gl/indland/article43299.ece. Retrieved 15 July 2010. 
33. ^ "Mange spiritusrelaterede opgaver for politiet i Nuuk" (in Danish). Sermitsiaq. 9 June 2008. http://sermitsiaq.gl/kriminal/article43437.ece. Retrieved 15 July 2010.