HMS Wilhelmina (1798)

Capture of the Furie & Waakzamheid, Oct. 23rd 1798 Thomas Whitcombe, 1816
Career (Batavian Republic)
Name:	Wilhelmina
Builder:	Flushing
Launched:	1787
Renamed:	Furie in 1795
Captured:	By the Royal Navy on 24 October 1798
Career (UK)
Name:	HMS Wilhelmina
Acquired:	24 October 1798
Fate:	Sold in January 1813
General characteristics
Class and type:	32-gun fifth rate frigate
Tons burthen:	82681⁄94 (bm)
Length:	133 ft (40.5 m) (overall) 109 ft 1 in (33.2 m) (keel)
Beam:	37 ft 9 in (11.5 m)
Depth of hold:	12 ft 4 in (3.76 m)
Propulsion:	Sails
Sail plan:	Full rigged ship
Complement:	244 (121 as troopship)
Armament:	As frigate: Upper deck: 26 x 12-pounder guns QD: 4 x 6-pounder guns Fc: 2 x 6-pounder guns + 4 x 24-pounder carronades As troopship: Upper deck: 18 x 9-pounder guns QD/Fc: 2 x 6-pounder guns + 1 x 12-pounder carronade

HMS Wilhelmina was a 32-gun fifth rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She was previously a Dutch ship and had been built in 1787 for the Dutch Republic as the Wilhelmina. Renamed Furie in 1795, after the establishment of the Batavian Republic as a client state of the First French Empire, she, like other Dutch ships, was pressed into service to support Napoleon's plans to conquer the British Isles. The British captured her and the Dutch corvette Waakzaamheid in 1798 while the two were trying to support French and Irish forces involved in the Irish Rebellion of 1798. The Royal Navy took both into service, with the Furie regaining her original name. Sailing as HMS Wilhelmina, she spent the bulk of her later career in the East Indies, serving mostly as a troopship. Here she fought an unequal battle against a large French privateer, and succeeded in driving her off and protecting a merchant she was escorting. Wilhelmina was almost the ship that faced a superior French squadron at the Battle of Vizagapatam, but she was replaced beforehand by the larger HMS Centurion. She spent the rest of her days as a guardship in Penang, and was sold there in 1813.

Dutch career and capture

Main article: Action of 24 October 1798

Wilhelmina was built at Flushing in 1787, and armed with 32 guns.^[1] She sailed under that name for eight years for the Dutch Republic until the invasion of the Netherlands by the French in 1795 and the establishment of the Batavian Republic led to her being renamed Furie.^[1]

In 1798 she was part of the Dutch contribution hastily assembled to support the uprising of the United Irishmen in 1798. Furie, under the command of Captain Bartholomeus Pletz, and the 24-gun corvette Texel, sailing westwards towards the English Channel. There they were spotted by the British frigate HMS Sirius, under the command of Captain Richard King.^[4] Sirius had been stationed off the Texel to watch for Dutch movements and intercept any ships of smaller or equal size entering or leaving the waterway. Although van Neirop's squadron outnumbered King's ship, the British vessel was much larger and faster, and the Dutch were also hampered by their position: the two ships were more than 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) apart, too far to offer mutual support against their opponent.^[2]

King first attacked the smaller and slower Waakzaamheid, avoiding contact with the larger Furie as he did so. At 09:00 Sirius came alongside Waakzaamheid and fired a gun at her, prompting van Neirop to surrender immediately.^[2] King secured the Waakzaamheid and set off in pursuit of Furie, which was attempting to flee to the west. The chase lasted the rest of the day, with the Sirius eventually coming within range at 17:00.^[5] The two ships exchanged broadsides for half an hour, as Pletz attempted to maneuver out of King's range.^[2] Furie was soon badly damaged whereas only one shot Dutch shot had struck Sirius, and that on the bowsprit. At approximately 17:30, Pletz surrendered, having lost eight dead and 14 wounded; Sirius had only one man wounded. King transferred the prisoners and placed a prize crew on Furie before returning to the Nore with his prizes.^[3]

British career

Furie came into Sheerness on 17 November 1798. She was commissioned under Captain David Atkins in January 1800 and was then fitted as a troopship at Woolwich between January and September 1800, for the sum of £10,914.^[1] Captain Charles Herbert took command in April that year and Commander James Lind succeeded him in 1801.^[1] Lind sailed Wilhelmina to the East Indies that year, remaining with her until 1803, when she passed under the temporary command of Lieutenant William Dobbie.

In May 1803 Commander Henry Lambert took command.^[1] In September 1803 Whilelmina stopped briefly at Hambantota, Ceylon, where she dropped off an eight-man detachment from the Royal Artillery, who reinforced the British garrison there and later helped it repel a Kandian attack.^[6]

Battling the Psyche

On 9 April 1804 Wilhelmina was escorting the country ship William Petrie to Trincomalee when she sighted a strange sail.^[7] The unknown ship was the 36-gun French privateer Psyche, under the command of Captain Trogoff.

The Psyche out-gunned the Wilhelmina, which was armed en flûte.^[8] Nevertheless Lambert sailed towards the Frenchman, to give the William Petrie a chance to escape.

Light winds meant that the engagement did not begin until 11 April, when both ships opened fire, exchanging broadsides and attempting to tack around to rake their opponent.^[9] After several hours fighting, the Psyche broke off and fled. Both ships had sustained heavy damage, the Wilhelmina to her masts and rigging, while the Psyche was reduced to a near-sinking condition.^[9] Wilhelmina had nine of her crew wounded, three mortally and six slightly, while the Psyche lost ten killed and 32 wounded, 13 of them mortally.^[10] Wilhelmina put into port, while the William Petrie also arrived safely at her destination.^[11]

Almost a year later, on 14 February 1805, Lambert, now Captain (Acting) of San Fiorenzo would meet Psyche, now a frigate of the French Navy, in battle off the Malabar Coast of India. Lambert was victorious in a sanguinary action that resulted in the British taking Psyche into service as HMS Psyche.^[12] In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "San Fiorenzo 14 Feby. 1805" to any still surviving claimants from the action.^[13]

Missed battle

In mid-1804 Wilhelmina was assigned to escort a small convoy of East Indiamen.^[1] Because a French squadron under Contre-Admiral Charles-Alexandre Durand Linois was raiding merchant shipping in the East Indies, the British commander in the area, Admiral Peter Rainier decided to replace Wilhelmina with the larger HMS Centurion.^[14] Consequently it was Centurion that resisted Linois's forces at the Battle of Vizagapatam in September 1804.^[15]

Fate

Captain Charles Foote took command of Wilhelmina in 1807, followed in an acting capacity by Commander William Hext in April 1809. She remained in the East Indies during this entire period.^[1] Commander Samuel Leslie took over in March 1811, followed in 1812 by Lieutenant George Norton.^[1] She became the guardship at Prince of Wales Island (Penang), and was sold there in January 1813.^[1]

References

Citations

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Winfield (2008), p.198.
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Clowes (1900), p.516-7.
3. ^ ^{a b} James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 2. p. 241. ISBN 1146722982. 
4. ^ Laughton, J. K.. "King, Sir Richard". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (subscription required). http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/15589. Retrieved 5 May 2009. 
5. ^ James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 2. p. 240. ISBN 1146722982. 
6. ^ London Gazette: no. 15689. p. 405. 3 April 1804.
7. ^ James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3. p. 382. ISBN 1153056569. 
8. ^ James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3. p. 383. ISBN 1153056569. 
9. ^ ^{a b} James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3. p. 384. ISBN 1153056569. 
10. ^ James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3. p. 385–6. ISBN 1153056569. 
11. ^ James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3. p. 386. ISBN 1153056569. 
12. ^ London Gazette: no. 15834. p. 1031. 13 August 1805.
13. ^ London Gazette: no. 20939. p. 240. 26 January 1849.
14. ^ London Gazette: no. 15788. p. 333. 12 March 1805.
15. ^ James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3. p. 276. ISBN 1153056569. 

Bibliography

• Clowes, William Laird (1997) [1900]. The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume IV. Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-86176-013-2. OCLC 59659759. 
• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475. 
• James, William (2002) [1827]. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 2, 1797–1799. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-906-9. OCLC 255340498. 
• James, William (2002 [1827]). The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3, 1800–1805. Conway Martime Press. ISBN 0-85177-907-7. 
• Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships of the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 1861762461.