Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür

Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür
Khagan of the Great Yuan
Reign	May , 1378 – November , 1388 (more than 10 years)
Coronation	May , 1378
Predecessor	Biligtü Khan
Successor	Jorightu Khan
Issue
Uskhal Khan (Урсхал Хаан)
Era dates
Xuanguang (宣光) 1378-1379 Tianyuan (天元) 1379-1388
Posthumous name
Ningxiao Huangdi (宁孝皇帝)
Temple name
Yizong (益宗)
Dynasty	Northern Yuan
Father	Toghun Temür
Born	1342[1]
Died	November , 1388 (aged 45–46) Tuul River, Mongolia

Uskhal Khan (Төгс Төмөр хаан), born Tögüs Temür (temple name: 益宗, Yizong; r. 1378-1388), was a Mongol Emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. He was the last powerful khan of the Mongols until the reign of Dayan Khan.^[2]

Tögüs Temür was Biligtü Khan's younger brother and son of Toghan Temur, the last Yuan emperor in China. He succeeded to the throne with the title of Uskhal Khan (Урсхал хаан) after Biligtü Khan died in 1378. During the funeral of the late king, the Ming court sent an embassy to participate in it and released the Mongol prince, Maidarbal, who had been captured at the battle of Yingchang in 1378.

Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür mobilized troops near Yingchang and Karakorum.^[3] He continued to press the Ming from the north, cooperating with Naghachu of the Jalayir in Manchuria. The Ming launched a massive attack on Mongolia in return in 1380, sacking Karakorum.

The Ming army crushed the Mongol garrison under Iliyasan in North China in June 1380. Uskhal Khan's commanders, Öljei-Buqa and Nair-Buqa, invaded Lulun city, killing the Ming officer Liu Guang in the same year. The Ming despatched a large army against the Mongols the next year.

Hongwu Emperor decided to exterminate Nagachu's force in Manchuria in 1387 and two sides suffered heavier losses at a battle near Changchung city. Tögüs Temür suddenly faced a predicament in 1387 when Nagachu surrendered to the Ming due to a devastating famine. The Ming now turned their attention to the Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür who lived in Yingchang. In 1388 he was raided by the Ming on the Buir Nuur. In his escape to Karakorum, he was suddenly attacked and defeated on the Tuul River by Yesüder, a descendant of Ariq Böke, who allied with the Oirats.^[4] Yesüder's general killed the king and his son, though, Uskhal Khan intended to flee westwards to join his commander Markhas. This marked the decline of the Kublaid power and the rise of the Oirats in Mongolia.

Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür House of Borjigin Died: 1388
Regnal titles
Preceded by Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara	Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty 1378-1388	Succeeded by Jorightu Khan

References

1. ^ Sh.Tseyen-Oidov - Chinggis bogdoos Ligden khutaghtu hurtel (khaad), p.129
2. ^ Ed.Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank-The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8, p.227
3. ^ L.Jamsran-Mongol ulsyin tuuh, vol>III, p.28
4. ^ Reuven Amitai-Preiss, Reuven Amitai, David Morgan-The Mongol empire and its legacy, p.293

Persondata
Name	Uskhal Khan Togus Temur
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1342
Place of birth
Date of death	1388
Place of death	Tuul River, Mongolia