Diaspore (botany)

Diaspore (botany)

In botany, a diaspore is a plant dispersal unit consisting of a seed or spore plus any additional tissues that assist dispersal. In some seed plants, the diaspore is a seed and fruit together, or a seed and elaiosome. In a few seed plants, the diaspore is most or all of the plant, known as a tumbleweed.

Diaspores are common in weedy and ruderal species. Collectively, diaspores, seeds, and spores that have been modified for migration are disseminules.

Role in dispersal

A diaspore of seed plus elaiosome is a common adaptation to seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory). This is most notable in Australian and South African sclerophyll plant communities.[1] Typically, ants carry the diaspore to their nest, where they may eat the elaiosome and discard the seed, and the seed may subsequently germinate.

Achenes of a dandelion (Taraxacum)

A diaspore of seed(s) plus fruit is common in plants dispersed by frugivores. Fruit-eating bats typically carry the diaspore to a favorite perch, where they eat the fruit and discard the seed. Fruit-eating birds typically swallow small seeds but, like bats, may carry larger seeded fruits to a perch where they eat the fruit and discard the seed. Diaspores such as achenes and samarae are dispersed primarily by wind; samaras are dispersed also by sailing or tumbling as they fall in still air. Drift fruits and some others are dispersed by water.

Tumbleweeds are dispersed by wind, sometimes over very long distances. These occur in a variety of weedy and ruderal species native to steppes and deserts.

Grasses have various units of dispersal: rarely the caryopsis alone, often a diaspore.[2] Disarticulation occurs below, between, or above the glumes and at all nodes.[2] Although in some species the diaspore is a foxtail, in a few (the "tumble grasses") it is like a tumbleweed.

See also

References

  1. ^ Lesley Hughes and Mark Westoby (1992). "Effect of Diaspore Characteristics on Removal of Seeds Adapted for Dispersal by Ants". Ecology 73 (4): 1300–1312. doi:10.2307/1940677. JSTOR 1940677. 
  2. ^ a b Gibson, David J. (2009). Grasses and grassland ecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 52. ISBN 0198529198. http://books.google.com/?id=5UqVtp0vWKYC&pg=PA52&dq=tumbleweed+like+dispersal 

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Diaspore — Not to be confused with Diaspore (botany) or Diaspora. Diaspore Diaspore from Slovakia General Category Oxide min …   Wikipedia

  • diaspore — n. spore or seed dispersed from a plant (Botany); hydrate of alumina having a shining pearly luster …   English contemporary dictionary

  • diaspore — [ dʌɪəspɔ:] noun Botany a spore, seed, or other structure that functions in plant dispersal; a propagule …   English new terms dictionary

  • Diaspora (disambiguation) — Diaspora is the dispersion of a population from their native land. Diaspora may also refer to: Any particular diaspora. See List of diasporas Diaspora politics Diaspora politics in the United States Diaspora studies Diaspora (novel), a science… …   Wikipedia

  • Lichen — For other uses, see Lichen (disambiguation). Lichenes from Ernst Haeckel s Artforms of Nature, 1904 …   Wikipedia

  • Fruit — For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). Several culinary fruits …   Wikipedia

  • Alberto Soriano — Nacimiento 1920 Buenos Aires Fallecimiento …   Wikipedia Español

  • Сориано, Альберто — Альберто Сориано исп. Alberto Soriano Дата рождения: 27 августа 1920(1920 08 27) Место рождения: Буэнос Айрес, Аргентина …   Википедия

  • Fuchsschwanzgewächse — Zurückgebogener Amarant (Amaranthus retroflexus) Systematik Unterabteilung: Samenpflanzen (Spermatophytina) …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Prunus — Schlehdorn (Prunus spinosa), mit Früchten Systematik Eurosiden I Ordnung: Rosenartige (Rosales) …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”