Sooty Grouse

Sooty Grouse
Male Sooty Grouse displaying
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Galliformes
Family:	Phasianidae
Subfamily:	Tetraoninae
Genus:	Dendragapus
Species:	D. fuliginosus
Binomial name
Dendragapus fuliginosus (Ridgway, 1873)

The Sooty Grouse (Dendragapus fuliginosus) is a species of forest-dwelling grouse native to North America's Pacific Coast Ranges.^[1][2] It is closely related to the Dusky Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus), and the two were previously considered a single species, the Blue Grouse.^[1][2][3]

Sooty Grouse female

Adults have a long square tail, light gray at the end. Adult males are mainly dark with a yellow throat air sac surrounded by white, and a yellow wattle over the eye during display. Adult females are mottled brown with dark brown and white marks on the underparts.^[2]

Their breeding habitat is the edges of conifer and mixed forests in mountainous regions of western North America, from southeastern Alaska and Yukon south to California.^[2] Their range is closely associated with that of various conifers. The nest is a scrape on the ground concealed under a shrub or log.

Sooty Grouse male and female

They are permanent residents but move short distances by foot and short flights to denser forest areas in winter, with the odd habit of moving to higher altitudes in winter.^[1]

These birds forage on the ground, or in trees in winter. In winter, they mainly eat fir and douglas-fir needles, occasionally also hemlock and pine needles; in summer, other green plants (Pteridium, Salix), berries (Gaultheria, Mahonia, Rubus, Vaccinium), and insects (particularly ants, beetles, grasshoppers) are more important. Chicks are almost entirely dependent on insect food for their first ten days.^[1]

Males sing with deep hoots on their territory and make short flapping flights to attract females. Females leave the male's territory after mating.

Sooty Grouse are experiencing some population decline from habitat loss at the southern end of its range in southern California.^[1]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. (1994). Handbook of the Birds of the World 2: 401-402. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona ISBN 84-87334-15-6.
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Sibley, D. (2000). The Sibley Guide to Birds. Knopf. pp. 143. ISBN 0-679-45122-6. 
3. ^ Banks, R. C.; Cicero, C., Dunn, J. L., Kratter, A. W., Rasmussen, P. C., Remsen, J. V., Jr., Rising, J. D., & Stotz, D. F. (2006). "Forty-seventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds". The Auk 123 (3): 926–936. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[926:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2. http://www.aou.org/checklist/suppl/AOU_checklist_suppl_47.pdf. Retrieved 2007-09-16.