- Serbo-Croatian kinship
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The Serbo-Croatian standard languages (Croatian, Serbian and Bosnian) have one of the more elaborate kinship (srodstvo) systems among European languages. Terminology may differ from place to place. Most words are common to other Slavic languages, though some derive from Turkish. The standardized languages may recognize slightly different pronunciations or dialectical forms; these are marked [S] (Serbian) and [C] (Croatian) below.
There are four main types of kinship in the family: biological aka blood kinship, kinship by law (in-laws), spiritual kinship (such as godparents), and legal kinship through adoption and remarriage.[1]
As is common in many rural family structures, three generations of a family will live together in a home in what anthropologists call a joint family structure, where parents, their son(s), and grandchildren would cohabit in a family home.[2]
Contents
Direct descendance and ancestry
Words for relations up to five generations removed—great-great-grandparents and great-great-grandchildren—are in common use. The fourth-generation terms are also used as generics for ancestors and descendants. There is no distinction between the maternal and paternal line. In addition, specialized terms for ancestry up to sixteen generations have been coined for use in genealogical circles, but these are not commonly known.[note 1]
Latin Cyrillic Relation potomkinja потомкиња female descendant potomak потомак male descendant čukununuka, šukununuka[C] чукунунука great-great-granddaughter čukununuk, šukununuk[C] чукунунук great-great-grandson praunuka праунука great-granddaughter, descendant praunuk праунук great-grandson, descendant unuka унука granddaughter unuk унук grandson (k)ćer(ka), kći[C] (k)ћер(ка) daughter sin син son majka, mati мајка, мати mother otac отац father baba, baka баба, бака grandmother d(j)ed(a), deka, đed,[S] dida[C] д(ј)ед(a), дека, ђед[S] grandfather prababa, prabaka прабаба great-grandmother, ancestor prad(j)ed(a), prađed[S] прад(ј)ед(a), прађед[S] great-grandfather, ancestor čukunbaba, šukunbaka[C] чукунбаба great-great-grandmother čukund(j)ed(a), čukunđed,[S] šukundjed[C] чукунд(ј)ед(a), чукунђед[S] great-great-grandfather[3] pretkinja преткиња female ancestor predak предак male ancestor Ego's generation
Diminutive forms of siblings are used for cousins.
Latin Cyrillic English translation brat брат brother sestra сестра sister bratić[C] братић male first cousin sestrična[C] сестрична female first cousin rođak рођак male cousin, relative rođaka, rođakinja, rodica рођака, рођакиња, родица female cousin, relative Indirect ancestry, descendants and legal relations
There are separate terms for maternal and paternal uncles, but not for aunts. In addition, spouses of uncles and aunts have their own terms.
Latin Cyrillic Relation stric стриц paternal uncle strina стрина paternal uncle's wife ujak ујак maternal uncle ujna ујна maternal uncle's wife; sometimes maternal aunt tetka тетка aunt (only mother's or father's sister or cousin) tetak (teča) тетак (теча) aunt's husband (where aunt defined as "tetka") bratanac братанац fraternal nephew (for women) sinovac синовац fraternal nephew (for men) bratanica братаница fraternal niece nećak (Dalmatian-Croatian) нећак nephew nećaka, nećakinja (Dalmatian-Croatian нећака, нећакиња niece sestrić сестрић sororal nephew sestričina сестричина sororal niece In-laws
There are separate terms for a man's and a woman's parents-in-law. However, the same terms are commonly used for siblings-in-law and children-in-law. There are separate terms for co-siblings-in-law.[what about co-parent-in-law? co-grandparent?]
Latin Cyrillic Relation English translation svekar свекар husband's father father-in-law svekrva свекрва husband's mother mother-in-law punac, tast[S] пунац, таст[S] wife's father father-in-law punica, tašta[S] пуница, ташта[S] wife's mother mother-in-law zet зет daughter's or sister's husband son-in-law or brother-in-law nevjesta,[C] snaha,[S] snaja[S] нев(ј)еста,снаха, снаjа son's or brother's wife daughter-in-law or sister-in-law šurak, šurjak, šogor[C] шурак, шурjак wife's brother brother-in-law šurnjaja, šurjakinja шурњаја, шурјакиња wife's brother's wife sister-in-law svastika, šogorica[C] свастика wife's sister sister-in-law svastić свастић wife's sister's son nephew-in-law svastičina свастичина wife's sister's daughter niece-in-law djever, dever девер, дjевер husband's brother brother-in-law zaova заова husband's sister sister-in-law pašenog, pašanac, badžanac[C] пашеног, пашанац, баџа wife's sister's husband co-brother-in-law jetrva јетрва husband's brother's wife co-sister-in-law Step-relatives
Latin Cyrillic Relation očuh очух stepfather maćeha маћеха stepmother pastorak пасторак stepson pastorka, pastorkinja пасторка, пасторкиња stepdaughter polusestra полусестра stepsister polubrat полубрат stepbrother Foster-relatives
Foster relations are important and have dedicated terms.
Latin Cyrillic Relation usvojenik усвојеник adopted son usvojenica усвојеница adopted daughter poočim поочим foster-father pomajka помајка foster-mother posinak, usinjenik[S] посинак, усињеник[S] foster-son po(k)ćerka по(к)ћерка foster-daughter Notes
- ^ These are, with feminine -a or -ka in parentheses, generation 6 kurđel(a), 7 askurđel(a), 8 kurđup(a), 9 kurlebalo/a, 10 sukurdol(a), 11 sudepač(a), 12 parđupan(a), 13 ožmikur(k)a, 14 kurajber(a), 15 sajkatav(k)a, 16 (m) b(ij)eli orao (f) b(ij)ela orlica.
References
- ^ Family, marriage and kinship
- ^ Kinship, networks, and exchange; The Grapvine Forest: Kinship, Status, and Wealth in a Mediterranean Community (Selo, Croatia) by Bojka Milici, Thomas Schweizer, Douglas R. White
- ^ *(English)Svetozar Brkić,Živojin Simić (1993) English–Serbian and Serbian–English dictionary
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