- Convoy ON 166
-
A depth charge being loaded onto a depth-charge thrower aboard the corvette HMS Dianthus, 14 August 1942
Convoy ON 166 was the 166th of the numbered ON series of merchant ship convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America. Sixty-three ships departed Liverpool 11 February 1943; and were met the following day by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group A-3 consisting of the USCG Treasury Class Cutters Campbell and Spencer and the Flower class corvettes Dianthus, Chilliwack, Rosthern, Trillium and Dauphin.
Contents
21 February
On 20 February No. 120 Squadron RAF B-24 Liberator that afternoon, and Campbell attacked a U-boat that evening. Postwar analysis concluded Campbell sank Empire Trader at 2032 and Norwegian NT Nielsen Alonso at 0153 on the night of February 21–22. Both ships were hit by a single torpedo on the port side, flooding the forward hold, and boiler room, respectively. [3] ORP Burza from following convoy ONS 167 was ordered to reinforce the convoy escort.
22 February
Empire Redshank and Americans Chattanooga City and Expositor after sunset 22 February; and was damaged by depth charges from the recently arrived ORP Burza. Campbell was disabled in a collision with U-boat. ORP Burza left the convoy to tow Campbell back to port. Convoy rescue ship Stockport was sunk by edit] 23 February
edit] 24 February
Liberty ship Jonathan Sturges.
25 February
edit] Aftermath
The U-boats discontinued the attack on 26 February. Surviving ships in convoy were joined by Empire Cavalier from Halifax, Nova Scotia on 28 February with escorts New York City on 3 March 1943.[8]
Ships in convoy
Name[9] Flag[9] Dead[5] Tonnage[9] Cargo[5] Notes[9] Amastra (1935) 
8,031 gross register tons (GRT) Aruba (1929) 
3,979 GRT general cargo Beauregard (1920) 
5,976 GRT returned to England Brasil (1935) 
8,130 GRT Charles H Cramp (1920) 6,220 GRT straggled 1 March[3] Chattanooga City (1921) 0 5,687 GRT (in ballast) sunk by 7,484 GRT carried convoy commodore Capt W E B Magee DSO RN Delilian (1923) 6,423 GRT 7,177 GRT 16 passengers Liberty ship; returned to England El Almirante (1917) 
5,248 GRT returned to England El Coston (1924) 7,286 GRT joined from Iceland 16 Feb but returned to Iceland when leaking condenser caused water shortage[3] El Oceano (1925) 6,767 GRT Empire Cato (1942) 7,039 GRT returned to England 9,891 GRT joined Halifax to New York; survived this convoy and convoy HX 229 Empire Chivalry (1937) 6,007 GRT 5,023 GRT 0 6,615 GRT (in ballast) torpedoed by 0 9,990 GRT 985 tons chemicals veteran of convoy HX 79; torpedoed by 9,891 GRT Eulima (1937) 63 6,207 GRT (in ballast) sunk by 4,971 GRT Expositor (1919) 6 4,959 GRT (in ballast) sunk by 7,134 GRT coal Fort Vermillion (1942) 7,133 GRT Franz Klasen (1932) 1,194 GRT Gateway City (1920) 5,432 GRT veteran of convoy PQ 18 George W McKnight (1933) 2,502 GRT Glittre (1928) 3 6,402 GRT (in ballast) veteran of convoy ON 67; acting as escort oiler; sunk by 1,695 GRT general cargo straggled and lost following 24 Feb collision with Fort Thompson[3] Hastings (1920) 9 5,401 GRT (in ballast) sunk by 0 4,391 GRT (in ballast) sunk by 56 7,176 GRT (in ballast) Liberty ship straggled & sunk by 5,862 GRT Lechistan (1929) 
1,937 GRT general cargo straggled 20 Feb[3] Lochmonar (1924) 9,412 GRT 28 passengers ship's master was convoy vice commodore Madoera (1922) 9,382 GRT straggled 24 Feb & damaged by 36 7,264 GRT (in ballast) sunk by 7,176 GRT Liberty ship straggled with steering failure Markay (1942) 10,342 GRT joined from Iceland 16 Feb; romped 23 Feb Molda (1937) 5,137 GRT general cargo N T Nielsen-Alonso (1900) 3 9,348 GRT (in ballast) sunk by 6,734 GRT Pacific Grove (1928) 7,117 GRT Pan-Maine (1936) 7,237 GRT Pan-Maryland (1938) 7,701 GRT 7,191 GRT Liberty ship veteran of convoy PQ 17 Skandinavia (1940) 10,044 GRT veteran of convoy ON 67 Stigstad (1927) 3 5,964 GRT (in ballast) straggled & sunk by 63 1,683 GRT (rescued crewmen of sunken ships) rescue ship; sunk by 6,962 GRT 12 passengers 7,176 GRT Liberty ship romped & arrived New York 28 Feb 7,176 GRT Liberty ship returned to England Tortuguero (1921) 5,285 GRT Tropic Star (1926) 5,088 GRT Wind Rush (1918) 5,586 GRT Winkler (1930) 20 6,907 GRT (in ballast) sunk by edit] References - Hague, Arnold (2000). The Allied Convoy System 1939-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-019-3.
- Morison, Samuel Eliot (1975). History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Volume I The Battle of the Atlantic 1939-1943. Little, Brown and Company.
- Rohwer, J. and Hummelchen, G. (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-105-X.
- ^ Morison 1975 p.338
- ^ Rohwer & Hummelchen 1992 p.194
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Convoy ON 166". Warsailors.com. http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/on166.html. Retrieved 2011-05-25.
- ^ Hague 2000 pp.92&162
- ^ a b c Hague 2000 pp.161-162
- ^ Hague 2000 p.162
- ^ "CONVOY ON 166". Warsailors. http://warsailors.com/convoys/on166.html. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
- ^ Hague 2000 p.159
- ^ a b c d "ON convoys". Andrew Hague Convoy Database. http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/on/index.html. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
Categories:- North Atlantic convoys of World War II
- World War II Battle of the Atlantic
- Naval battles of World War II involving Canada
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