- Conventions concerning Employment of Women during the Night
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The Conventions concerning Employment of Women during the Night are conventions drafted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) which prohibit women from performing industrial work during the night. The first convention was adopted in 1919 (as C04, shortened Night Work (Women) Convention, 1919) and revised versions were adopted in 1934 (C41, Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1934) and 1948 (C89, Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948). A protocol (P89, Protocol to the Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948) to the convention was adopted in 1990 allowing for easing of the restriction under conditions. As of April 2011 the conventions had 27, 15, 46 (undenounced) ratifications respectively. The protocol was ratified 5 and denounced by 2.
Contents
Content
All three conventions define night work as working during the an 11-hour period including the period 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. The prohibition to work for women is for industrial work: mining, manufacturing as well construction and maintenance. In the 1934 convention a provision is included allowing work in managerial functions, while in 1948 the possibility suspension of the convention was included "when in case of serious emergency the national interest demands it".
Technical provisions
All conventions entered into force upon or 12 months after the ratification of two ILO member states. For the first conference, implementing law had to be functional on 1 July 1922 at the latest. The revised conventions and the protocol entered into force 12 months after ratification. As common in later ILO conventions, accession to the 1948 automatically meant denouncement of the 1932 convention (but not the 1919 convention). Denouncement is further possible every 10 years in the year following the 10th, 20th, 30th etc anniversary of the convention.
Member states
An overview of number of ratifications of the conferences is shown below.
year of conclusion entry into force ratifications (current) denouncements 1919 13 June 1921 27 31 1934 22 November 1936 15 23 1948 27 February 1951 46 21 1990 (protocol) 15 March 1994[1] 3 2 As ratification did not imply denouncement of the 1919 convention, several countries are party to both the 1919 and the 1932 (11) or 1948 (8) convention. The 1948 convention was denounced by several countries as it was perceived discriminatory and in contradiction with the equality principle.[2]
Country 1919 1932 1948 1990 (protocol) Afghanistan Active Active Albania denounced Algeria Active Angola Active Active Argentina denounced Active Austria denounced denounced Bahrein Active Bangladesh Active Active Belgium denounced denounced Active Belize Active Benin Active Active Bolivia Active Bosnia and Herzegovina Active Brazil denounced denounced Active Bulgaria denounced Burkina Faso Active Active Burundi Active Active Cambodia Active Cameroon denounced Active Central African Republic Active Active Chad Active Active Chile denounced Colombia Active Comoros Active Congo denounced denounced Active Democratic Republic of the Congo Active Active Costa Rica Active Côte d'Ivoire Active Active Cuba Active denounced Cyprus denounced denounced Czech Republic denounced denounced Djibouti Active Dominican Republic denounced Egypt denounced Active Estonia Active France denounced denounced denounced Gabon Active Active Ghana Active Greece denounced denounced denounced Guatemala Active Guinea-Bissau Active Active Guinea denounced denounced Active Hungary denounced denounced India Active denounced Active Active Iraq denounced Active Ireland denounced denounced denounced Italy denounced Active Kenia Active Kuwait Active Lebanon Active Laos Active Libya Active Lithuania denounced Luxembourg denounced denounced Macedonia Active Madagascar Active denounced Active Active Malawi Active Mali Active Active Malta denounced denounced Mauritania denounced denounced Active Montenegro Active Morocco Active Active Myanmar denounced denounced Netherlands denounced denounced denounced[A] New Zealand denounced denounced Nicaragua Active Niger Active Active Pakistan Active denounced Active Panama Active Paraguay Active Peru denounced denounced Philippines Active Portugal denounced denounced Romania denounced Active Rwanda Active Active Saudi Arabia Active Senegal Active denounced Active Serbia Active Slovakia denounced Slovenia Active South Africa denounced denounced Active Spain Active denounced Sri Lanka denounced denounced denounced Suriname Active Swaziland Active Switzerland denounced denounced denounced Syria Active Togo Active Active Tunisia denounced Active Active United Arab Emirates Active United Kingdom denounced denounced Uruguay denounced denounced Venezuela denounced Active Zambia denounced See Also
References
- ^ No formal entry into force; On this date it entered into force for the first state
- ^ "Brief regering; Verdrag betreffende de nachtarbeid van vrouwen in de nijverheid werkzaam - Goedkeuring van het voornemen tot opzegging voor Aruba van het op 9 juli 1948 te San Francisco tot stand gekomen Verdrag betreffende de nachtarbeid van vrouwen in de nijverheid werkzaam, 1948" (in Dutch). Government of the Netherlands. http://www.denederlandsegrondwet.nl/9353000/1/j9vvihlf299q0sr/vinbj1j37bzq.
- ^ "Detailpagina Verdragenbank: Verdrag betreffende de nachtarbeid van vrouwen in de nijverheid werkzaam". Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2011-04-29. http://www.minbuza.nl/nl/Producten_en_Diensten/Overige_diensten/Verdragen/Zoek_in_de_Verdragenbank?isn=007151. Retrieved 2011-04-29.
External links
- Full text of the 1919, 1934, 1948 conventions and the 1990 protocol at the ILO website
- Ratification status of the 1919, 1934, 1948 conventions and the 1990 protocol at the ILO website
Categories:- International Labour Organization conventions
- Working time
- Treaties concluded in 1919
- Treaties concluded in 1932
- Treaties concluded in 1948
- Treaties entered into force in 1921
- Treaties entered into force in 1936
- Treaties entered into force in 1951
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