Congregation Beth Israel (Vancouver)

Beth Israel
Basic information
Location	4350 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia,  Canada
Geographic coordinates	49°14′48″N 123°07′39″W / 49.246756°N 123.127609°W / 49.246756; -123.127609Coordinates: 49°14′48″N 123°07′39″W / 49.246756°N 123.127609°W / 49.246756; -123.127609
Affiliation	Conservative Judaism
Status	Active
Leadership	Rabbi: Jonathan Infeld Cantor: Mike Zoosman[1]
Website	bethisraelvan.ca
Architectural description
Architect(s)	Harold S. Kaplan[2]
Groundbreaking	1948[3][4]
Completed	1949[5]

Congregation Beth Israel is an egalitarian Conservative synagogue located at 4350 Oak Street in Vancouver, British Columbia. It was founded in 1925, but did not formally incorporate until 1932.^[6] Its first rabbi was Ben Zion Bokser, hired that year.^[7][8] He was succeeded the following year by Samuel Cass (1933–1941).^[9] Other rabbis included David Kogen (1946–1955),^[10] Bert Woythaler (1956–1963),^[10][11] and Wilfred Solomon, who served for decades starting in 1964.^[12]

The congregation worshiped at the Jewish Community Center in Fairview until 1948, when it opened its current building at 4350 Oak Street.^[13] By the end of 1960s, it was the largest Jewish congregation in Vancouver,^[7] and by the 1990s, it was Canada's largest Conservative congregation west of Winnipeg.^[14][15] Charles Feinberg was rabbi from 1998 to 2006,^[16] and he was succeeded that year by Jonathan Infeld.^[1]

As of 2010^[update], Beth Israel had over 700 member families.^[17] Infeld was the rabbi, and the cantor was Mike Zoosman.^[1]

Early history

Congregation Beth Israel (Hebrew: בית ישראל‎) was founded in September, 1925, but did not formally incorporate until November, 1932.^[6] The incorporation was done in cooperation with the United Synagogue of America (now the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism);^[5] at the time, this was unusual in Western Canada, where most synagogues were Orthodox.^[7]

Previously, the small non-Orthodox Temple Emanu-El—also called the Deutscher Shul ("German synagogue")—had been formed in Vancouver in 1894^[18] or 1895^[7] as a "semi-Reform" congregation – not Orthodox, but more traditional than American Reform congregations.^[7][18] Most Jewish immigrants to Vancouver were, however, Orthodox Yiddish-speakers from Eastern Europe, and Emanu-El's membership did not grow.^[7][18] It lasted until 1910.^[7]

Beth Israel's founders were second generation, Canadian-born, English-speaking Jews who wanted mixed seating, and an alternative to Vancouver's Orthodox Congregation Schara Tzedeck^[3][5][14] (founded 1907).^[7][18] Former members of Temple Emanu-El joined with the new congregation, which also took responsibility for a religious school.^[19] Once the Jewish Community Center was built in Fairview in 1928, the congregation held its services there.^[7][19]

Early rabbis and leaders

Rabbi Samuel Cass conducting a service on German territory in 1945

The advertised intent of its first meeting in 1925 was "to organize a new congregation with an English-speaking Rabbi".^[19] The congregation, however, did not hire its first rabbi, Ben Zion Bokser, until 1932.^[7][8] A 1931 graduate of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS), he had served briefly at the Bronx's Congregation Kehillath Israel before coming to Beth Israel. He left Beth Israel the following year, and moved to the Forest Hills Jewish Center in Queens, New York 1935, where he remained (aside from a brief stint as a U.S. Army chaplain) until his death in 1984.^[20]

Bokser was succeeded in 1933 by Samuel Cass, who served as Beth Israel's rabbi until 1941. From 1942 to 1946 Cass served as Senior Jewish Chaplain for the Canadian Army and Navy, attaining the rank of Major.^[9]

Albert O. Koch was one of the congregation's founders. He served as its second president, from 1933 to 1934, and again as its president from 1938 to 1951. Known as the "father" of Beth Israel, he was also the founder of the National Dress Company.^[21]

Oak Street building

In 1944, the congregation purchased its current synagogue property at 27th and Oak Street, and in 1945 purchased additional land for a cemetery.^[5] The cemetery was consecrated in July, 1946.^[21]

Beth Israel's first building was designed by Toronto architect Harold Solomon Kaplan^[22] of Kaplan and Sprachman.^[23] The architecture, according to R.W. Liscombe, displayed a "stylistic simplification of academic and historical motifs".^[23] Erected at 4350 Oak Street near West 27th Avenue, it opened in 1948,^[13] and dedicated on September 11, 1949.^[3][4][2]

David C. Kogen, a future vice-chancellor of the JTS, was rabbi from 1946 to 1955^[10] or 1956.^[24] He was succeeded by Berthold A. Woythaler, a native of Danzig, in 1956. Woythaler had fled Nazi Germany in 1936, after attending the University of Berlin, and subsequently graduated from the JTS in New York. He served as Beth Israel's rabbi until 1963.^[10][11]

Wilfred Solomon joined as rabbi in 1964.^[12] He had previously served as the last rabbi of Keneseth Israel Synagogue of Spokane, Washington, before it merged with Spokane's oldest synagogue, Temple Emanu-El, to become Temple Beth Shalom.^[25] The following year the synagogue amended its constitution to allow women as members, with voting rights.^[5] By the end of the decade, led by Solomon, Beth Israel had 650 member families, and was the largest synagogue in Vancouver.^[7]

The chapel was refurbished in 1970.^[5] In the sanctuary, Torah is read to the congregation from the bimah and the Torah scrolls are stored in the aron kodesh on the east wall. The congregation face towards the east, and Jerusalem, in praying. The ornamentation features symbols such as Stars of David, signs of the zodiac and natural forms. ^[26]

In 1970, the synagogue was spray-painted with swastikas,^[27] and Elie Wiesel spoke there.^[28] By 1978, Beth Israel had 660 member families, and was the largest synagogue in British Columbia.^[19] Jeffrey Hoffman served as assistant rabbi from 1981 to 1984.^[29]

The Institute for stained glass in Canada has documented the stained glass at Beth Israel Synagogue ^[30]

Events since 1990

A renovation of the entire synagogue was completed in 1993. Women were given voting rights in 1965, aliyot in the 1980s, and by 1995 the synagogue was fully egalitarian.^[5] By 1997, Beth Israel was the largest Jewish congregation in Greater Vancouver, and "the largest Conservative synagogue [in Canada] west of Winnipeg".^[14][15]

Charles M. Feinberg, who was ordained by the JTS in 1973, was rabbi from 1998 to 2006. In 2002, he was a recipient of the Rabbinic Leadership Award, given by the United Jewish Communities (now the Jewish Federations of North America).^[16]

Jonathan Infeld succeeded Feinberg in 2006. A graduate of Brandeis University, he was ordained by the JTS in 2002. Before joining Beth Israel, he was assistant rabbi of the Marlboro Jewish Center in Marlboro, New Jersey. Mike Zoosman, a 2007 graduate of the JTS's cantorial school, joined as cantor in 2008.^[1] That year membership reached 720 families.^[31]

As of 2010^[update], Beth Israel had a membership of over 700 families.^[17] The rabbi was Infeld, and the cantor was Zoosman.^[1]

See also

• Beth Israel
• Jews and Judaism in Vancouver

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Our Staff, Beth Israel website.
2. ^ ^{a b} Leonoff (1978), p. 141.
3. ^ ^{a b c} Schober (1998), p. 18.
4. ^ ^{a b} Schober (2009).
5. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} Our History, Beth Israel website.
6. ^ ^{a b} According to Rosen (1983), p. 440, and Leonoff (1978), p. 129. Our History, Beth Israel website states the synagogue was "formed" on August 2, 1932. Rosenberg (1970), p. 124 states Beth Israel was "organized in 1932". Elazar et al (1990), p. 399 state Beth Israel was "founded in 1932".
7. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Rosenberg (1970), p. 124.
8. ^ ^{a b} Landman (1940), vol. 2, p. 444.
9. ^ ^{a b} Cass, Samuel, National Archives of Canada.
10. ^ ^{a b c d} The Scribe (December 1982), p. 6.
11. ^ ^{a b} Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles (September 8, 2007).
12. ^ ^{a b} Schober (1998), p. 125.
13. ^ ^{a b} Rosen (1983), p. 440.
14. ^ ^{a b c} Leonoff (1997), p. 307.
15. ^ ^{a b} Berner (1997), p. 332.
16. ^ ^{a b} Clergy and Staff, Adas Israel Washington D.C. website.
17. ^ ^{a b} About Beth Israel, Beth Israel website.
18. ^ ^{a b c d} Leonoff (1978), p. 127.
19. ^ ^{a b c d} Leonoff (1978), p. 129.
20. ^ Nadell (1988), p. 43.
21. ^ ^{a b} Leonoff (1978), p. 94.
22. ^ "Dictionary of Architects in Canada". http://dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/architects/view/1542. Retrieved November 16, 2011. 
23. ^ ^{a b} Liscombe (1997), p. 107.
24. ^ Schober (1998), p. 42.
25. ^ History, Temple Beth Shalom website.
26. ^ PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0007839 "Canadian Encyclopedia". http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0007839. Retrieved November 16, 2011. 
27. ^ Schober (1998), p. 108.
28. ^ Schober (1998), p. 116.
29. ^ Jeffrey Hoffman, Jewish Theological Seminary of America website.
30. ^ Institute for stained glass in Canada http://stainedglasscanada.ca/site.php?site=273
31. ^ National Synagogue Directory 5769/2008–2009, Canadian Jewish Congress Charities Committee, p. 38.

References

• Clergy and Staff, About Us, Adas Israel Washington D.C. website. Accessed November 26, 2010.
• Berner, David. "Vancouver Synagogues", in Davis, Chuck. The Greater Vancouver Book: An Urban Encyclopedia, Linkman Press, 1997. ISBN 978-1-896846-00-2
• National Synagogue Directory 5769/2008–2009PDF (620 KB), Canadian Jewish Congress Charities Committee, 2008. Accessed November 26, 2010.
• Congregation Beth Israel website:
  • About Beth Israel, Congregation Beth Israel website. Accessed November 26, 2010.
    • Our History, About Beth Israel, Congregation Beth Israel website. Accessed November 26, 2010.
  • Our Staff, Congregation Beth Israel website. Accessed November 26, 2010.
• Elazar, Daniel Judah; Waller, Harold M.; Waller, Harold J. Maintaining Consensus: The Canadian Jewish Polity in the Postwar World, University Press of America, 1990. ISBN 978-0-8191-7610-3
• "Berthold A. Woythaler, Rabbi Emeritus of Temple Ner Maarav, Dies at 93", The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles, September 8, 2007.
• Jeffrey Hoffman, Faculty Profiles, Academics, Jewish Theological Seminary of America website. Accessed November 26, 2010.
• Landman, Isaac. "Bokser, Ben Zion", The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, Universal Jewish Encyclopedia Co. Inc., Volume 2, 1940.
• Leonoff, Cyril Edel. Pioneers, Pedlars, and Prayer Shawls: The Jewish Communities in British Columbia and the Yukon, Sono Nis Press, 1978. ISBN 978-0-919462-74-8
• Leonoff, Cyril E. "Jews in Greater Vancouver", in Davis, Chuck. The Greater Vancouver Book: An Urban Encyclopedia, Linkman Press, 1997. ISBN 978-1-896846-00-2
• Liscombe, R. W. The New Spirit: Modern Architecture in Vancouver, 1938–1963, Canadian Centre for Architecture, 1997. ISBN 978-1-55054-555-5
• Nadell, Pamela Susan. Conservative Judaism in America: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook, ABC-CLIO, 1988. ISBN 978-0-313-24205-2
• Cass, Samuel. MG 30, D 225PDF (210 KB), Biographical Note, National Archives of Canada (Manuscript Division).
• Rosen, Oded. The Encyclopedia of Jewish Institutions: United States & Canada, Mosadot Publications, 1983.
• Rosenberg, Stuart E. The Jewish Community in Canada, Volume 1, McClelland & Stewart, 1970.
• Schober, Barbara. Holocaust Commemoration in Vancouver, B.C., 1943–1975PDF (9.69 MB), M.A. thesis, Simon Fraser University, 1998.
• Schober, Barbara. Vancouver, Jewish Virtual Library, 2009. Accessed November 26, 2010.
• History, Temple Beth Shalom of Spokane website. Accessed November 26, 2010.
• "Community Celebrates B.I.'s 50th"PDF (1.55 MB), The Scribe: Official Newsletter of the Jewish Historical Society of B.C., December 1982.