Corporations of Jehovah's Witnesses

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Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society logo

A number of corporations are in use by Jehovah's Witnesses. They publish literature and perform other operational and administrative functions, representing the interests of the religious organization. "The Society" has been used as a collective term for these corporations.

The oldest and most prominent of their corporation names, "Watch Tower Society", has also been used synonymously with the religious organization of Jehovah's Witnesses, even in their own literature.^[1] Particularly since 2000, Jehovah's Witnesses have maintained a distinction between their corporations and their religious organization, though differences had also been explained decades earlier.^[2][3][4]

Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

Main article: Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania is a non-stock, not-for-profit organization^[5] headquartered in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, United States. It is the main legal entity used worldwide by Jehovah's Witnesses, often referred to as "The Society". It holds the copyrights of most literature published by Jehovah's Witnesses. The society was founded in 1881 with William Henry Conley, a Pittsburgh businessman, as the first president and Charles Taze Russell as secretary-treasurer.^[6] The society was incorporated as Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society in Pennsylvania on December 15, 1884, with Russell as president.^[7] The corporation was officially renamed Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1896; similar names had been in unofficial use since at least 1892.^[8]

Personnel (as of September 1, 2005)

• President: Don A. Adams
• Vice Presidents: Robert W. Wallen, William F. Malenfant
• Secretary/Treasurer: Richard E. Abrahamson
• Directors: Danny L. Bland, Philip D. Wilcox, John N. Wischuk

Name changes

• Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society (1881–1896)
• Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (1896–1955)
• Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania (since 1955)

United States corporations

Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.

Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. is a corporation used by Jehovah's Witnesses, which is responsible for administrative matters, such as real estate, especially within the United States. This corporation is typically cited as the publisher of Jehovah's Witnesses publications, though other publishers are sometimes cited. The corporation's stated purposes are: “Charitable, benevolent, scientific, historical, literary and religious purposes; the moral and mental improvement of men and women, the dissemination of Bible truths in various languages by means of the publication of tracts, pamphlets, papers and other religious documents, and for religious missionary work.”^[9]

Originally known as the Peoples Pulpit Association, the organization was incorporated in 1909 when the Society's principal offices moved to Brooklyn, New York. In 1939, it was renamed Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, Inc., and in 1956 the name was changed to Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.^[10] Until 2000, a member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses was president of both the Watch Tower (Pennsylvania) and Watchtower (New York) corporations, as well as Britain's International Bible Students Association corporation; in 2001, it was decided that the corporations' directors need not be members of the Governing Body.^[3] In 2001 the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York was listed among the top forty revenue-generating companies in New York City, reporting an annual revenue of about 951 million US dollars.^[11]

Christian Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses

Christian Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses, Inc. was established to organize and administer the congregational affairs of Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States.^[12][13] It filed for incorporation on August 21, 2000 in New York State as a “domestic non-profit corporation” in Putnam County, New York.^[14] An incorporation record was also filed with the State of Florida on March 3, 2006, as a "foreign non profit corporation" with agency in Collier County, Florida.^[15]

As announced to congregations in January 2001, the Christian Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses is a corporation used by their United States Branch Committee, which oversees the preaching work of Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States, Bermuda, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.^[16] All Branch Committee members are appointed by and report to the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses.^[17][18]

As with other agencies of Jehovah’s Witnesses, the Christian Congregation of Jehovah’s Witnesses may correspond directly with any district overseer, circuit overseer, local body of elders, or individual, or it may assign someone else to communicate on its behalf. Any of these persons or groups may function as an agency acting at the explicit direction of the Governing Body.^[19][20]

Other US corporations

Reorganization in 2000 resulted in the creation of several additional corporate entities to serve the needs of the United States branch of Jehovah's Witnesses. Since then, most written communication with congregations and individuals in the United States involves the Christian Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses, Inc; other corporations include, for example,

• Religious Order of Jehovah's Witnesses, New York. Incorporated in 2000 to give particular attention to those in special full-time service: Bethel volunteers, missionaries, traveling overseers, special pioneers; and assembly halls.
• Kingdom Support Services, Inc., New York. Incorporated in 2000 to deal with construction of Kingdom Halls and Assembly Halls, other engineering needs, and vehicles.

Corporations outside the United States

International Bible Students Association

International Bible Students Association is a corporate not-for-profit organization used by Jehovah's Witnesses in the United Kingdom. Some Jehovah's Witnesses publications cite this corporation as publisher or co-publisher.^{[citation needed]}

It was founded in 1914 as a corporation of the Bible Students by Charles Taze Russell in London, England, and was the first legal corporation representing Russell's ministry in Europe. Along with their Pennsylvania and New York based corporations, Watch Tower publications since 1914 have stated: "All three of these corporations were organized for identical purposes and they harmoniously work together."^[21]

Later corporations, such as in Canada, were similarly named. The name continues to be used for corporate entities (for example, in East Africa), but in 1931 the religion formally changed its name worldwide from International Bible Students Association to Jehovah’s witnesses.

Other corporations

Since the formation of the International Bible Students Association, many other legal entities sanctioned by the Governing Body have been used throughout the world to further the interests of Jehovah's Witnesses.^[22] Typically these are synonymous with the branch offices in various countries. These include:

• Testigos de Jehová de Venezuela, La Victoria, Venezuela
• Wachtturm-Gesellschaft, Selters/Taunus, Germany
• Watchtower Bible & Tract Society Of Australia, Inc., Australia

In some countries, Jehovah's Witnesses use the corporation name Christian Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses, or a similar name translated into the local language. In 2005, the branch office in Canada began using this name for a separate Canadian entity for most correspondence, while retaining Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Canada for other matters. In Mexico the corporation, Congregación Cristiana de los Testigos de Jehová, is used. Literature of Jehovah's Witnesses has also referred to the religion generally as the "Christian congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses".^[23][24][25]

See also

• Organizational Structure of Jehovah's Witnesses
• Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs
• Jehovah's Witnesses practices
• List of Watch Tower Society publications

References

1. ^ Such as in their book Worldwide Security Under the “Prince of Peace” (OCLC 15485620), ©1986 Watch Tower, pages 26-27, "That momentous date [that is, 1914] had been pointed forward to since 1876 by those who became associated with the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society. ... In all the warring nations [during World War I], the dedicated Christians who were associated with the Watch Tower Society came under tremendous pressure to abandon their resolve to keep free from bloodguilt."
2. ^ Jehovah's Witnesses - Proclaimers of God's Kingdom. pp. 217–219, 228. 
3. ^ ^{a b} "How the Governing Body Differs From a Legal Corporation". The Watchtower: 29. 15 January 2001. 
4. ^ Isaiah’s Prophecy—Light for All Mankind, volume 2, ©2001 Watch Tower, page 317
5. ^ Pennsylvania Department of State.
6. ^ Jehovah's Witnesses: Proclaimers of God's Kingdom (Watchtower, 1993), p. 576.
7. ^ J. Rutherford, A Great Battle in the Ecclesiastical Heavens, 1915, p. 14.
8. ^ "Printing and Distributing God’s Own Sacred Word", Jehovah's Witnesses - Proclaimers of God's Kingdom, page 603
9. ^ "The Warning Work (1909-1914)", The Watchtower, March 1, 1955, page 141
10. ^ "Early Legal Corporations", Jehovah's Witnesses - Proclaimers of God's Kingdom, page 229
11. ^ Newsday.com article
12. ^ Letter from Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., to All Bodies of Elders in the United States, dated February 27, 2001.
13. ^ Our Kingdom Ministry, Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., 2002 January p7
14. ^ NYS Dept of State, Division of Corporations, site retrieved March 23, 2009 http://appsext8.dos.state.ny.us/corp_public/CORPSEARCH.ENTITY_INFORMATION?p_nameid=2575466&p_corpid=2544464&p_entity_name=jehovah%27s%20witnesses&p_name_type=A&p_search_type=CONTAINS&p_srch_results_page=0
15. ^ Florida Department of State, Division of Corporations, site retrieved March 23, 2009 http://sunbiz.org/scripts/cordet.exe?action=DETFIL&inq_doc_number=F06000001390&inq_came_from=NAMFWD&cor_web_names_seq_number=0000&names_name_ind=N&names_cor_number=&names_name_seq=&names_name_ind=&names_comp_name=CHRISTIANCONGREGATIONJEHOVAHSW&names_filing_type=
16. ^ Our Kingdom Ministry, September 2005, page 1
17. ^ The Watchtower, January 15, 2001, page 14-15
18. ^ The Watchtower, July 15, 2006, page 20
19. ^ Awake!, June 2006, page 19
20. ^ The Watchtower, April 1, 2007, page 25
21. ^ See “The History and Operations of Our Society,” Watch Tower, 1917, pp. 327-330, as referred by The Watchtower, March 1, 1955, page 141
22. ^ Brochure insert, Our Kingdom Ministry, January 2002, page 7.
23. ^ The Watchtower, August 1, 2004, page 6
24. ^ Awake!, January 22, 2005, page 21
25. ^ Awake!, June 8, 2002, page 11

External links

• Jehovah's Witnesses: Watchtower Society Official Web Site
• Jehovah's Witnesses: Authorized Site of the Office of Public Information