Chiaia Funicular

Chiaia Funicular (Funicolare Chiaia)
Colour on map	Dark Blue
Year opened	1889
Line type	Surface (Funicular)
Rolling stock
Stations served	4
Length	.536 km (.333 mi)
Depots
Journeys made	650,000 (per annum)
Metro and commuter railways (Naples)
Line 1   Line 2 (via Passante)   Line 3 (part of Circumvesuviana network)   Line 4 (part of Circumvesuviana network)   Line 5 (part of Circumflegrea railway)   Line 6   Cumana   Rainbow line (Alifana bassa)   Line 7 (under construction)   Line 8 (planned)   Line 9 (planned)   Line 10 (planned) Funicular lines   Central Funicular   Chiaia Funicular   Mergellina Funicular   Montesanto Funicular

The Chiaia Funicular (Italian: Funicolare Chiaia) is a funicular railway line that forms part of the Metropolitana di Napoli (Napoli Metro), which is the main part of the metro system for the city of Naples, Italy. Opened in 1889, the Chiaia Funicular is one of the oldest funicular railways in the world, and carries over half a million passengers per year.^[1]

The Chiaia Funicular connects 4 stations, Chimarosa Station, Palazzolo Station, Corso Vittorio Emanuele Station, and Regina Magherita Station, primarily connecting Piazza Vanvitelli at the top of Vomero Hill to Rione Amadeo. The Chiaia line connects with Line 1, and the Central Funicular at Via Cimarosa, and with Line 2 at Via Regina Margherita. At Chimarosa the Chiaia is connected by a subway, permitting access to the Metropolitana di Napoli (Naples Metro) without having to reach the street surface.

History

In the second half of the 19th century, the Vomero hill area to the northwest of Naples began to expand as a new residential area. Because of the steep incline of the hill it was difficult to access though. As a result, construction soon began on both the Chiaia and Montesanto Funicular cable railways. A local engineering firm, Le Officine Nazionali di Savigliano was granted the tender for all engineering, electronic and mechanical work on the line. Nearly 300 metres shorter than the Montesanto inclien, the Chiaia Funicular was the first to be completed, opening to the public on 15 October 1889, and making it the third oldest funicular railway in the world. Only the Giessbachbahn in Switzerland (1879),^[2] and the Telegraph Hill Railroad in San Francisco, USA (1886), are older.^[3]

For the first eleven years of operation, the Chiaia funicular was powered by Heacher Wyss steam engines, but in 1900 the line became electrified. The new twin-electric engines, provided by Brown Boveri & Co, gave 135 horsepower each, and greatly improved efficiency.^[4] In 1914 the original cars were replaced after 25 years of service, and two years later, in 1916, a third station, Palazzolo was inaugurated on the line. Until 1926 it only operated three stops, with the opening of Palazzolo Station (Parco Marcolini), delayed due to difficulty in accessing the area in which its construction was planned. OTIS elevators were included in its design to improve access to the platform at this station.

With the fourth planned station finally fully operational by 1926, the line had finally been completed as planned, 37 years after it had first opened. The opening of Palazzolo Station was the last change to the line for the next fifty years. The Chiaia line was not affected by either of the world wars, and continued to operate throughout both conflicts. In 1975 Azienda Tranvie Autofilovie Napoletane (ATAN - Neapolitan Light Rail Company) replaced the Società Ferrovie del Vomero (Vomero Train Society) as the operator of the line. Having reviewed its condition, in 1976 the entire line was overhauled and upgraded. A major modernisation programmed was begun, with Giustino Costruzioni given responsibility for the engineering works, Officine Mecchaniche Agudio carrying out electronic and mechanical work, Lovisolo constructing brand new cars, B.M.B. installing new modern electrical controls, and Fitre (later replaced by Holtz) undertaking transmission and safety work.^[5]

Chiaia funicolar station, in Vomero district.

The refurbished Chiaia Funicular reopened to the public on 22 September 1977, although accusations of inadequate engineering works were levelled at the contractors, and these problems were not finally rectified until 2004.^{[citation needed]} In 1995 the line's operator, ATAN, was rebranded as Azienda Napoletana Mobilità (ANM - Neapolitan Mobility Agency), and in 1998, further works were carried out to again modernise the line. In February 2001 ANM was replaced by Metronapoli as the new operator of the line, and continues its management to the present. By 2003 the latest upgrade works had been completed and that work saw the line completely restored and brought up to adequate European safety standards. It also resulted in all of the stations being redone in Art Nouveau style, restoring the line to its former splendor.

Operation

The Chiaia Funicular carries over half a million passengers annually, with an average of 15,000 passengers on workdays, but this is reduced to an average of 5,000 on weekends and holidays. From the top to bottom the line is 536 metres long, and descends 161 metres in altitude, at an average gradient of 29%. The carriages travel at an average speed of 7.5 metres per second, and the entire route takes three minutes, and eight seconds. Each train can carry 300 passengers at a time, giving a total capacity of 9,500 passengers per hour in each direction, although this capacity is never reached.^[6]

Stations

Chimarosa Station Palazzolo Station Corso Vittorio Emanuele Station Regina Margherita Station

See also

• List of Naples metro stations
• List of rapid transit systems
• List of funicular railways

External links

• Official site of the Metropolitana di Naples (Italian)
• Urbanrail.net Naples rail website
• Railways and metro station of Naples (Italian)

Notes

1. ^ http://www.metro.na.it/metro/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=82&Itemid=100
2. ^ Walter Hefti: Schienenseilbahnen in aller Welt. Schiefe Seilebenen, Standseilbahnen, Kabelbahnen. Birkhäuser, Basel 1975, ISBN 3-7643-0726-9
3. ^ "Telegraph Hill Railroad". The Cable Car Home Page - Cable Car Lines in San Francisco. Joe Thompson. 1 July 2009. http://www.cable-car-guy.com/html/ccsf.html#thrr. Retrieved 20 September 2009. "The Telegraph Hill Railroad was not a cable car line ...; it was a funicular railway" 
4. ^ http://www.metro.na.it/metro/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=82&Itemid=100
5. ^ http://www.metro.na.it/metro/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=82&Itemid=100
6. ^ http://www.metro.na.it/metro/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=82&Itemid=100