Southern Screamer

Southern Screamer
At Artis Zoo, Netherlands
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Anseriformes
Family:	Anhimidae
Genus:	Chauna
Species:	C. torquata
Binomial name
Chauna torquata Oken, 1816
Southern Screamer range

The Southern Screamer (Chauna torquata), also known as the Crested Screamer, belongs to the order Anseriformes. It is found in southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia, Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay and northern Argentina.^[2] Its diet consists of plants stems, seeds, leaves, and, rarely, small animals.

Description

Southern Screamer. There are two color phases, light and dark.^[3]

The Southern Screamer averages 81–95 cm (32–37 in) long and weighs 3–5 kg (6.6–11 lb).^[4] They are the heaviest, although not necessarily the longest, of the three screamers.^[5] The wingspan is around 170 cm (67 in).^[6] It lives in tropical and sub-tropical swamps, estuaries and watersides.

Breeding

On a nest at Iguazu Bird Park, Brazil

A family in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Southern Screamer - head

The Southern Screamer establishes monogamous relationships that last its lifetime, estimated to be 15 years. Courtship involves loud calling by both sexes, which can be heard up to two miles away.^[3] For the nest the couple makes a big platform of reeds, straws, and other aquatic plants in an inaccessible place near water. The female lays between two and seven white eggs. The couple share incubation, which takes 43 to 46 days. Chicks leave the nest as soon as they hatch, but the parents care for them for several weeks. The fledging period takes 8 to 14 weeks.

Behaviour

The Southern Screamer is a good swimmer, having partially webbed feet, but prefers to move on the ground. The bony spurs on its wings are used for protection against rival screamers and other enemies. Although it is non-migratory, it is an excellent flier. It lives in large flocks, feeding on the ground in grasslands and cultivated fields until nesting season, when birds pair off.^[3]

Southern Screamer chicks

References

1. ^ IUCN (2009) BirdLife International Nothocercus bonapartei Retrieved 08 Jan 2009.
2. ^ Clements, James, (2007) The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World, Cornell University Press, Ithaca
3. ^ ^{a b c} "Southern Crested Screamer". Sacramento Zoo. http://www.saczoo.com/Document.Doc?id=118. Retrieved 30 December 2009. 
4. ^ "Southern Screamer - Chauna torquata". oiseaux.net. http://www.oiseaux.net/birds/southern.screamer.html. Retrieved 23 September 2008. 
5. ^ del Hoyo, Elliott & Sargatal. Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 1 Ostrich to Ducks. ISBN 84-87334-10-5
6. ^ Screamer (2011).

• Horned Screamer, Anhima cornuta
• Northern Screamer or Black-necked Screamer, Chauna chavaria