Leadership of Communist Kyrgyzstan

Leader of Kyrgyzstan
Former socialist state
Republic coat of arms
Last leader: Askar Akayev (as President)
First leader(s)	M.D. Kamensky (First Secretary)
Last leader(s)	Askar Akayev (as President)
Appointer	Politburo, Central Committee or any party apparatus and by electoral vote
Communist rule started	October 14, 1924
Communist rule ended	August 31, 1991 (declared December 25, 1991 (official)

The Soviet Union initially established a power base in the region in 1919, and the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast was created within the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (RSFSR). In 1936, the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic was established as a full-fledged republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

With the Soviet Union came electricity, water, irrigation, industrialization and literacy to Kyrgyzstan, and the other Soviet Central Asian countries. Scholars such as Alec Nove and J.A. Newth have argued that most development indicators suggests that the Soviet muslim countries far-exceeded those muslim countries outside the Soviet sphere of influence. The administrative, political and economic system was revolutionary by Kyrgiz standards, however, numerial indicators of development only partially supports this view, with one claiming that 63.2% of Kyrgyzstan's population still lived in rural areas. This was, however, the highest of any country in Central Asia. The country's higher urbanization rate is in large part because of its large Russian population, with most Europeans living in urban areas. Russian immigration slowed down in 1959, the same year the national birth rate increased.^[1] However, the indigenous population had for the most part been untouched by Russification (also known as Sovietization), an example being that religion was still widespread.^[2]

In spite of intense efforts to create socialism from "scratch", the social institutions led to infiltrations by religious, tribal and communal group into the political system. After the death of Joseph Stalin, the level of repression declined and less surveillance from the KGB and Moscow led to an increase in the importance of tribal and communal affairs.^[2]

Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (1924-1925) and Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (1925-1926)

Holders		Took office	Left office	Nationality
First Secretary of the Kirghiz Provincial Organization of the All-Union Communist Party
	M.D. Kamensky [3]	1924 [3]	1925 [3]	Russian [3]
	Nikolay Uzyukov [3]	1925 [3]	1926	Russian [3]

Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1926-1936)

Heads of government

Holders		Took office	Left office
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
	Yusup Abdrakhmanov [4]	March 12, 1927 [4]	September 27, 1933 [4]
	Bayaly Isakeyev [4]	September 27, 1933 [4]	December 5, 1936 [4]

Heads of party

Holders		Took office	Left office	Nationality
First Secretary of the Kirghiz Provincial Organization of the All-Union Communist Party
	Nikolay Uzyukov [3]	1926 [3]	1927 [3]	Russian [3]
	Vladimir Shubrikov [3]	1927 [3]	1929 [3]	Russian [3]
	Mikhail Kulkov [3]	1929 [3]	1930 [3]	Russian [3]
	Aleksandr Shakhray [3]	1930 [3]	1934 [3]	Russian [3]
	Moris Belotsky [3]	1934 [3]	December 5, 1936 [4]	Jewish [3]

Heads of state

Holders		Took office	Left office
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
	Abdukadyr Urazbekov [4]	March 12, 1927 [4]	December 5, 1936 [4]

Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936-1991)

Heads of government

Holders		Took office	Left office
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
	Bayaly Isakeyev [4]	December 5, 1936 [4]	September 8, 1937 [4]
	Murat Salikhov [4]	September 8, 1937 [4]	February 15, 1938 [4]
	Ismail Abuzyarov [4]	February 15, 1938 [4]	April 27, 1938 [4]
	Ivan Rebrov [4]	April 27, 1938 [4]	July 19, 1938 [4]
	Turabay Kulatov [4]	July 19, 1938 [4]	November 14, 1945 [4]
	Iskhak Razzakov [4]	November 14, 1945 [4]	July 10, 1950 [4]
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
	Abdy Suyerkulov [4]	July 10, 1950 [4]	March 6, 1958 [4]
	Kazy Dikambayev [4]	March 6, 1958 [4]	May 10, 1961 [4]
	Bolot Mambetov [4]	May 16, 1961 [4]	January 23, 1968 [4]
	Akhmatbek Suyumbayev [4]	January 23, 1968 [4]	December 22, 1978 [4]
	Sultan Ibraimov [4]	December 22, 1978 [4]	December 4, 1980 [4]
	Pyotr Khodos [4]	December 4, 1980 [4]	January 21, 1981 [4]
	Arstanbek Duysheyev [4]	January 21, 1981 [4]	May 20, 1986 [4]
	Apas Jumagulov [4]	May 20, 1986 [4]	21 Jan 1991 [4]

Heads of party

Holders		Took office	Left office	Nationality
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
	Moris Belotsky [3]	December 5, 1936	March 1937	Jewish [3]
First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kirghizia
	Maksim Ammosov [5]	April 23, 1937 [4]	February 20, 1938 [4]	Russian [3]
	Aleksey Vagov [5]	February 20, 1938 [5]	July 1945 [5]	Russian [3]
	Nikolay Bogolyubov [6]	July 1945 [5]	July 7, 1950 [4]	Kyrgyz [3]
	Iskhak Razzakov [7]	July 7, 1950 [4]	May 9, 1961 [4]	Kyrgyz [3]
	Turdakun Usubaliyev [8]	May 9, 1961 [4]	November 2, 1985 [4]	Kyrgyz [3]
	Absamat Masaliyev [8]	November 2, 1985 [4]	April 6, 1991 [4]	Kyrgyz [3]
	Jumgalbek Amanbayev [8]	April 6, 1991 [4]	August 29, 1991 [4]	Kyrgyz [3]

Heads of state

Holders		Took office	Left office
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
	Abdukadyr Urazbekov [4]	1936 [4]	September 16, 1937 [4]
	Mikhail Us [4]	September 16, 1937 [4]	October 4, 1937 [4]
	Maryam Tugambayeva [4]	September 16, 1937 [4]	October 4, 1937 [4]
	Sultankul Shamurzin [4]	October 4, 1937 [4]	December 16, 1937 [4]
	Ivan Sokolov [4]	December 16, 1937 [4]	February 15, 1938 [4]
	Murat Salikhov [4]	February 15, 1938 [4]	May 15, 1938 [4]
	Kalima Amankulova [4]	May 15, 1938 [4]	July 18, 1938 [4]
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
	I.P. Boryak [4]	July 18, 1938 [4]	July 19, 1938 [4]
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
	Asanaly Tolubayev [4]	July 18, 1938 [4]	March 22, 1943 [4]
	Moldogazy Tokobayev [4]	March 22, 1943 [4]	November 14, 1945 [4]
	Turabay Kulatov [4]	November 14, 1945 [4]	August 25, 1978 [4]
	Sultan Ibraimov [4]	August 25, 1978 [4]	December 22, 1978 [4]
	Andrey Buss [4]	December 22, 1978 [4]	January 10, 1979 [4]
	Arstanbek Duysheyev	January 10, 1979 [4]	January 14, 1981 [4]
	Temirbek Koshoyev [4]	January 14, 1981 [4]	August 8, 1987 [4]
	Tashtanbek Akmatov [4]	August 8, 1987 [4]	April 10, 1990 [4]
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
	Absamat Masaliyev [4]	April 10, 1990 [4]	October 27, 1990 [4]
President of Kyrgyzstan
	Askar Akayev [3]	October 27, 1990	December 25, 1991

See also

• President of Kyrgyzstan
• Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan

References

Notes

1. ^ Collins 2006, pp. 83.
2. ^ ^{a b} Collins 2006, pp. 84.
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj} Collins 2006, pp. 109.
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di} "Soviet republics: Kirgiz S.S.R.". Rulers.org. http://rulers.org/sovrep.html#kyrgyzstan. 
5. ^ ^{a b c d e} Mohapatra, Nalin Kumar (2006). Political Culture and Democratic Development in Central Asia. University of Michigan: Bookwell. p. 53. ISBN 8189640178. http://books.google.com/books?id=CTluAAAAMAAJ&q. 
6. ^ Abazov, Rafis (2004). Historical Dictionary of Kyrgyzstan. Scarecrow Press. p. 340. ISBN 0810848686. http://books.google.com/books?id=jsUUAQAAIAAJ&dq. 
7. ^ Institute for Central Asian and Caucasian Studies (2006). Central Eurasia: Analytical Annual. CA&CC Press. p. 184. ISBN 9197699314. http://books.google.com/books?id=R-dtAAAAMAAJ&q. 
8. ^ ^{a b c} Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. 4. Routledge. 1999. p. 446. ISBN 1857430581. http://books.google.com/books?id=qmN95fFocsMC&dq. 

Bibliography

• Collins, Kathleens (2006). Clan Politics and Regime Transition in Central Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 376. ISBN 0521839505. http://books.google.com/books?id=L5PYDqrKOPQC&dq. 

External links

• Republics of the Soviet Union