Rock Steady (album)

Infobox Album
Name = Rock Steady
Type = Studio album
Artist = No Doubt


Released = December 11, 2001
Recorded =
Genre = Synthpop, reggae, post-grunge, pop rock
Length = 49:14
Label = Interscope
Producer = No Doubt, Nellee Hooper, Ric Ocasek, William Orbit, Prince, Sly & Robbie, Steely & Clevie, Philip Steir, Mark "Spike" Stent
Reviews = *AbsolutePunk.net (79%) [http://www.absolutepunk.net/showthread.php?t=383081 link]
* Allmusic rating|4|5 [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:wrf3zfs2ehok~T1 link]
* "Blender" rating|3|5 [http://www.blender.com/guide/reviews.aspx?id=1117 link]
* "Entertainment Weekly" (B+) [http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,187515~4~0~rocksteady,00.html link]
* "NME" (7/10) [http://web.nme.com/reviews/5966.htm link]
* "Rolling Stone" rating|3.5|5 [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/215088/rock_steady 1/17/2002]
* "Slant" rating|4.5|5 [http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=146 link]
* "Stylus" (C) [http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/no-doubt/rock-steady.htm link]
Last album = "Return of Saturn"
(2000)
This album = "Rock Steady"
(2001)
Next album = "The Singles 1992-2003"
(2003)
Misc =

"Rock Steady" is the fifth album by American rock band No Doubt, released December 11, 2001 on Interscope Records (see 2001 in music). The band began writing the album with initial recording sessions in Los Angeles and San Francisco. The group then traveled to London and Jamaica to work with various performers, songwriters, and producers. Sly & Robbie, The Neptunes, and William Orbit were among the many artists No Doubt collaborated with on the album.

As a result of the many collaborations, "Rock Steady" touches on many musical styles. The album focuses on the ska punk and reggae influences present in the band's earlier work while incorporating dub, ragga, and dance styles. The band attempted to capture the vibe of Jamaican dancehall music, and experimented with writing songs without its standard instrumentation. Singer Gwen Stefani wrote her lyrics quickly in comparison to previous records, and dealt with topics ranging from partying to ruminations on her relationship with Gavin Rossdale.

"Rock Steady" received mostly positive reviews from contemporary music critics, and it was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album at the 45th Grammy Awards. The album served as a commercial comeback for the band, surpassing sales of its previous offering, "Return of Saturn" (2000). "Rock Steady" yielded four singles, two of which won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. [ [http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20207076_20207387_20207337,00.html The New Classics: Music | EW 1000: Music | Music | The EW 1000 | Entertainment Weekly ] ] The 1000th issue of Entertainment Weekly dated July 4, 2008 celebrates the new classics: the 1000 best movies, TV shows, albums, books, etc. from 1983 to 2008.

Background and production

Every night on the tour to support its 2000 album "Return of Saturn", No Doubt would throw aftershow parties where people would dance to Jamacian dancehall music. During a discussion over dinner in late 2000, the band members decided they wanted to explore dancehall grooves for their next album.Edwards, Gavin. [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/nodoubt/articles/story/5919655/no_doubt_make_party_music "No Doubt Make Party Music"] . "Rolling Stone". October 16, 2001. Retrieved April 16, 2007.] Drawing inspiration from artists such as Bounty Killer, Cutty Ranks, and Mr. Vegas,Orshoski, Wes. [http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1115909 "No Doubt Feels 'Rock Steady'"] . "Billboard". November 21, 2001. Retrieved July 12, 2007.] the band began work on the album in January 2001 by creating beats on Pro Tools at guitarist Tom Dumont's apartment. The group often tried recreating beats from other songs on the computer, which resulted in modified versions of the original rhythms. It worked with producer Philip Steir at Toast Studios in San Francisco during this time, where the beginnings of "Hey Baby" emerged.Montoya, Paris and Lanham, Tom. "The Singles 1992-2003" (liner notes). Interscope Records. November 25, 2003.] When writing lyrics for previous albums, Stefani typically read works by Sylvia Plath that would make her depressed "or find different words that inspire me." In contrast, for "Rock Steady" she wrote the lyrics quicker and on the spot to meet the goal of writing a song a day. Many of the demos recorded during these early sessions were used in the final tracks, rather than completely reworking the songs. The band saw this as a way to preserve the "initial spark" from when the songs were conceived.

The next month, Stefani left Los Angeles for London to visit boyfriend Gavin Rossdale, and the band traveled with her to finish recording "Detective". There, they worked with Eurythmics member David A. Stewart and wrote the song "Underneath It All" in only ten minutes. [Scaggs, Austin. [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/nodoubt/articles/story/5919394/no_doubt_nab_prince_dre "No Doubt Nab Prince, Dre"] . "Rolling Stone". May 3, 2001. Retrieved April 16, 2001.] In March No Doubt traveled to Jamaica, staying at the Blue Lagoon in Port Antonio. The band "spent most of the time swimming and getting sunburned and drinking and smoking and recording a little music", according to Dumont.VanHorn, Teri and Waller, Curtis. [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1444549/20010615/no_doubt.jhtml "No Doubt: Recording New Album Runs Rings Around "Saturn"] . MTV News. June 18, 2001. Retrieved April 8, 2007.] The group would often have Red Stripe beers or rum and cokes with jerk food for breakfast; on one occasion Dumont passed out from heavy drinking while recording a track. They began work in the mid-afternoon and worked into the night, with an after-party following the session. The group collaborated with Sly & Robbie, who produced "Underneath It All" and "Hey Baby" and brought in dancehall toasters Lady Saw and Bounty Killer, and Steely & Clevie, who produced "Start the Fire".

The band returned from Jamaica and resumed work in June, collaborating with producers Nellee Hooper and Timbaland. [ [http://www.nodoubt.com/band/ "Timeline"] . NoDoubt.com. Retrieved July 13, 2007.] The Timbaland track, titled "It's a Fight", and a Dr. Dre-produced song titled "Wicked Day" were excluded from the album because their hip hop sounds did not work well on the album. [

• Graff, Gary. [http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12049816 "No Doubt's Hip-Hop Tracks Might Get Future Release"] . LAUNCHcast. October 24, 2001. Retrieved July 13, 2007.
• VanHorn, Teri. [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1450039/20011015/no_doubt.jhtml "Dre, Timbaland Beats Will Be Absent On No Doubt LP"] . MTV News. October 16, 2001. Retrieved July 13, 2007.

] The band then worked with producer and former Cars frontman Ric Ocasek in late June. Stefani commented that No Doubt worked with so many people for the record because none were available for the time needed to make an LP, but that she would have liked to work with Ocasek longer.Wiederhorn, Jon and Rankin, Rebecca. [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1450462/20011031/no_doubt.jhtml "No Doubt's 'Hey Baby' Pays Tribute To Drooling, Gawking Groupies"] . MTV News. November 1, 2001. Retrieved July 12, 2007.] The band and its A&R manager Mark Williams chose collaborators based on how well they thought the person would fit the personality of the song that No Doubt had written. In late August, the band returned to London for Mark "Spike" Stent to polish off the songs with audio mixing.

Composition

The band members often did not play their standard instruments when working on the songs for "Rock Steady".Wielenga, Dave. [http://www.ocweekly.com/features/features/the-happy-ones/22230 "The Happy Ones"] . "OC Weekly". December 6, 2001. Retrieved September 17, 2001.] As a result, the album's instrumentation contains less guitar and bass guitar than the band's previous work. [VanHorn, Teri. [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1442367/20010330/no_doubt.jhtml "No Doubt Head To Jamaica To Stir Up Reggae Sound"] . MTV News.March 30, 2001. Retrieved April 8, 2007.] Many of the album's sounds come from electronic keyboard effects, which bassist Tony Kanal called "Devo-y bleeps and "Star Wars" noises". Dumont commented that many of the effects came from being unfamiliar with the equipment and "just twiddling knobs". [Norris, John. [http://www.mtv.com/bands/n/no_doubt/news_feature_111601/index.jhtml "No Doubt: Time To Party"] . MTV News. 2001. Retrieved April 8, 2007.] Dumont created an effect similar to that of an echo chamber by placing a microphone inside a metal garbage can with the can's open end facing a drum kit. ["Making of "Rock Steady". "Rock Steady" bonus CD. Interscope Records. December 11, 2001.] Richard B. Simon of MTV News asserted that the sound of "Rock Steady" was part of the decade nostalgia of the 1980s retro movement. [Simon, Richard B. [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1452980/20020319/no_doubt.jhtml "Rock Steady" Show Leaves No Doubt About '80s Revival"] . MTV News. March 19, 2002. Retrieved October 22, 2007.]

"Rock Steady" maintains many of the styles present in No Doubt's previous work, while introducing influences from the music of Jamaica. "Hey Baby" and "Underneath It All" both feature dancehall and ragga, an electronic-oriented subgenre, as well as guest toasters.Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:wrf3zfs2ehok~T1 "Rock Steady > Review"] . Allmusic. Retrieved January 14, 2007.] The latter, written using backward string samples, also contains the band's traditional ska and reggae sounds. Ocasek produced the New Wave-influenced tracks "Don't Let Me Down" and "Platinum Blonde Life", the former of which was described as sounding "more like the Cars than the Cars". [http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6599207/316_rock_steady "316) Rock Steady"] . "Rolling Stone". November 1, 2003. Retrieved March 31, 2007.] "Platinum Blonde Life" was so strongly influenced by The Cars' work that Kanal apologized to Ocasek, though Ocasek apologized back that he hadn't seen the similarity. The synthpop ballad "Running" was composed on a Yamaha keyboard purchased for Kanal in the 1980s and drew inspiration from the Thompson Twins. Its simple keyboard riff drew comparisons to the work of Depeche Mode, Erasure, and Yazoo.Scheffield, Rob. [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/215088/rock_steady "Rock Steady: Review"] . "Rolling Stone". January 17, 2002. Retrieved January 14, 2007.]

Because of the number of collaborations, the album touches on several other styles. "Waiting Room", a song written with Prince for "Return of Saturn", evokes his R&B style over a drum and bass beat. [Massa, Beth. [http://www.amazon.com/Rock-Steady-No-Doubt/dp/B00005QDW1 "Rock Steady: Music: No Doubt"] . Amazon.com. Retrieved July 13, 2007.] "Hella Good", an electro rock song co-written with hip hop production duo The Neptunes, is inspired by the funk songs of the late 1970s such as Queen's "Another One Bites the Dust" and the Commodores' "Brick House". William Orbit, best known for his work on Madonna's electronica-oriented "Ray of Light", incorporates trance music in the production of "Making Out". "Detective", one of the five tracks produced by Hooper, takes slight influence from pop music.Miller, Eden. [http://www.popmatters.com/pm/music/reviews/23769/nodoubt-rock/ "No Doubt: Rock Steady"] . PopMatters. Retrieved July 12, 2007.] The album's title track closes the album by tying together the many musical themes. It is slow dub song, with acid house-style bleeps and moans.Delaney, Colleen. [http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/no-doubt/rock-steady.htm "No Doubt - Rock Steady - Review"] . "Stylus Magazine". Retrieved October 22, 2007.]

Stefani's vocals range from innocent to seductive, sometimes transitioning from one to the other within a song. Her lyrics are based on her relationship with Rossdale, whom she married less than a year after the album's release.Cinquemani, Sal. [http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=146 "Music Review: No Doubt: "Rock Steady"] . "Slant Magazine". 2004. Retrieved April 8, 2007.] Stefani is openhearted and unreserved as on "Return of Saturn", but her approach becomes more immediate and instinctive. The lyrics are more youthful than those on "Return of Saturn" and detail partying and feelings of lust.Browne, David. [http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,252882,00.html "Rock Steady (Music - No Doubt)"] . "Entertainment Weekly". December 14, 2001. Retrieved July 13, 2007.] An overarching theme on the album is Stefani's impatience in the couple's long-distance relationship. She discusses wanting to see Rossdale on "Making Out" and "Waiting Room", and she reveals her distrust in Rossdale on "In My Head". On "Hey Baby" she gives an innocuous account of the debauchery between her bandmates and their groupies during parties, as she observes the party. The lyrics of "Underneath It All" question whether or not Rossdale is a good match for her, an issue resolved in the chorus, which was written based on a journal entry where Stefani wrote the line "You're lovely underneath it all" about Rossdale. [Strauss, Neil. [http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939747/no_doubts_anniversary_party/ "No Doubt's Anniversary Party"] . "Rolling Stone". January 31, 2002. Retrieved December 4, 2007.]

Critical reception

The album received generally positive reviews from critics. "Rolling Stone" said it was "impressive to hear No Doubt summon the musical imagination to transcend the formula that used to imprison them" and ranked "Rock Steady" number 316 on its 2003 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. Stephen Erlewine of Allmusic referred to the album as "a good, hooky, stylish mainstream pop record". "Entertainment Weekly" remarked that there was "something oddly flimsy" about No Doubt that prevented it from becoming a milestone in pop music, but that the band's "party-throwing skills improve with each new gathering." "Stylus Magazine" commented that the band sounded like it had "growing pains" and was unsure of its place in mainstream rock, predicting that No Doubt would either become a singles band "or go all Radiohead on us and make an album of avant-jazz-electro-acid-funk-polka."

Many reviewers focused on the large number of styles that "Rock Steady" incorporates. "PopMatters", noting that "Rock Steady" maintains the introspection of "Return of Saturn" without the latter's "longing and wistfulness", stated that "it is to No Doubt's credit…that they manage to keep the album together with little more than their collective personalities." "Blender", however, called it "an intermittently engaging but overall shapeless collection…the product of happy-go-lucky musicians who once cavorted in bad track suits but now spend their days commuting between London, Jamaica and Los Angeles seeking the wisdom of expensive studio geeks." [Howe, Rupert. [http://www.blender.com/guide/reviews.aspx?id=1117 "No Doubt : "Rock Steady" Review"] . "Blender". Retrieved April 8, 2007.] Nevertheless, "Blender" included the album in its 2003 list of "500 CDs You Must Own Before You Die!". [Aizlewood, John. [http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?id=360 "500 CDs You Must Own Before You Die!"] . "Blender". April 2003. Retrieved September 21, 2007.] The "NME" viewed the album's "enormous waterfront of styles" positively, noting that it had many strong potential singles, but found that some of the "empty-headed guitar pop" on second half of the album spoiled the listening experience.Needham, Alex. [http://www.nme.com/reviews/5966.htm "No Doubt : Rock Steady"] . "NME". Retrieved July 12, 2007.] "Time" stated that "Rock Steady" was able to integrate ska, pop, New Wave, and dancehall "without sounding contrived or chaotic". It added that though the album lacked the energy and sales of No Doubt's 1995 breakthrough album "Tragic Kingdom", "Rock Steady" was "their greatest effort to date…the sound of band dropping pretense to realize its potential." [Reyes, Kimberly. [http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,194186,00.html "'Rock Steady,' by No Doubt"] . "Time". January 15, 2002. Retrieved November 20, 2007.] "Slant Magazine" included "Rock Steady" on its list of 50 Essential Pop Albums, commenting that "not since Blondie…has a rock act so effortlessly, irreverently, and fashionably skidded across so many different genre boundaries at one time." LAUNCHcast said that "even with so many producers attempting to steer this bus along the superstar highway, they end up in a better-than-most parking lot". [Oliver, Lisa. [http://uk.launch.yahoo.com/l_reviews_a/23924.html "No Doubt - "Rock Steady""] . LAUNCHcast. February 14, 2002. Retrieved April 8, 2007.]

Release and impact

"Rock Steady" sold approximately three million copies. "NME" reviewer Alex Needham compared the album's revival of No Doubt's popularity to the performance of Madonna's 1998 album "Ray of Light". The album debuted and peaked at number nine on the "Billboard" 200, selling 255,000 copies in its first week. [Jenison, David. [http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12177644 "U2 Bombs the Charts"] . E! Online. December 1, 2004. Retrieved from LAUNCHcast April 13, 2007.] By 2002 it was certified double platinum. [ [http://www.riaa.com/news/newsletter/020402.asp "Linkin Park Moves Two Steps Closer"] . Recording Industry Association of America. February 4, 2002. Retrieved April 14, 2007.] At the 2003 Grammy Awards, the album was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album but lost to Norah Jones' "Come Away with Me".D'angelo, Joe. [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1470107/20030224/story.jhtml "Norah Jones Sweeps Grammys, Boss Wins Three, Avril Shut Out"] . MTV News. February 24, 2003. Retrieved April 13, 2007.] The lead single "Hey Baby" and third single "Underneath It All" won the award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the 2003 and 2004 Grammy Awards, respectively. [Mueller, Gavin. [http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/pop_playground/46th-annual-grammy-awards.htm "46th Annual Grammy Awards"] . "Stylus Magazine". February 11, 2004. Retrieved April 13, 2007.]

The album did not perform as strongly outside the United States. In September 2002, "Rock Steady" was certified platinum in Canada, [ [http://www.cria.ca/gold/0902_g.php "Gold & Platinum - September 2002"] . Canadian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved April 14, 2007.] and in the United Kingdom, the album is certified silver. [ [http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=30046 "Platinum Awards Content"] . British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved April 14, 2007.] It peaked at number fifteen on the ARIA Albums Chart and spent nine non-consecutive weeks in the top forty. [http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=No+Doubt&titel=Rock+Steady&cat=a "No Doubt - Rock Steady"] . Australian-Charts.com. Retrieved July 13, 2007.] The album was listed at number ninety-seven on the 2002 Australian Recording Industry Association end-of-year chart, [ [http://aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-albums-2002.htm "End of Year Charts - Top 100 Albums 2002"] . Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved April 14, 2007.] and was certified gold by the ARIA. [ [http://aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations-albums-2002.htm "Accreditations - 2002 Albums"] . Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved April 14, 2007.]

Following the success of the regular edition, "Rock Steady" had two special edition re-releases in 2002, each of which had a bonus CD. The two-song CD features acoustic live performances of "Underneath It All" and "Just a Girl" recorded at 1Live in Cologne, Germany in June 2002 as well as the music video for "Underneath It All". The four-song CD includes a remix of "Hey Baby" featuring OutKast and Killer Mike; another remix by F.A.B.Z.; Roger Sanchez's remix of "Hella Good", which won a Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical; [ [http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2003/grammys.htm "45th Annual Grammy Awards - 2003"] . Rock on the Net. Retrieved December 2, 2007.] and a remix of "Return of Saturn"'s lead single "Ex-Girlfriend" made by Philip Steir, who helped produce "Hey Baby". The songs from the two-song bonus disc were released in North American iTunes Stores, and those from the four-song bonus disc were released in other countries. "Rock Steady Live", a live DVD of No Doubt performing in 2002 in support of "Rock Steady", was released in November 2003.

"Rock Steady" produced the band's most successful singles. "Hey Baby" preceded the album with an October 2001 release. It set a record for the band when it reached number five on the "Billboard" Hot 100. [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:42jlear54xh7~T31 "Rock Steady"] . Allmusic. Retrieved January 8, 2007.] The positive response to "Hey Baby" from radio stations and video channels prompted the band to push forward the release of "Rock Steady" from December 18 to December 11. [ [http://www.nyrock.com/worldbeat/11_2001/112701.asp "No Doubt's "Rock Steady" Now Slated for Dec. 11 Release"] . NY Rock. Retrieved December 3, 2007.] The next single, "Hella Good", was released in April 2002. It was somewhat less successful and peaked at number thirteen. It was followed by "Underneath It All", which was released that August. The single is No Doubt's most successful American single to date, peaking at number three on the Hot 100, and like "Hey Baby", it managed to top the "Billboard" Top 40 Mainstream chart. The fourth and final singles was "Running" in April 2003. Peaking at number sixty-two, "Running" became No Doubt's lowest position on the Hot 100 to date.

When singer-songwriter Jewel released her fifth album "0304" in June 2003, reinventing and sexualizing her public image, music critics identified "Rock Steady" and "Ray of Light" as influences on the album. "Stylus Magazine" compared "0304"'s retro tribute to New Wave music with that on "Rock Steady". [Cinquemani, Sal. [http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=297 "Music Review: Jewel: "0304"] . "Slant Magazine". 2003. Retrieved October 10, 2007.] "Blender" commented that Jewel had "brushed up on two sacred pop texts, the Manual of Madonna and the Gospel According to Gwen". The magazine compared her use of a more restrained, throaty purr to Stefani's vocals and noted "0304"'s use of "jumpy bubblegum choruses and "boop-boop-beeping" keyboards" as descendents of No Doubt's production. [Light, Alan. [http://www.blender.com/guide/reviews.aspx?id=1884 "Jewel : "0304" Review"] . "Blender". Retrieved October 10, 2007.]

Track listing

;2-song bonus CD
# "Underneath It All" (live) – 3:44
# "Just a Girl" (live) – 3:32
# "Underneath It All" (video)

;4-song bonus CD
# "Hey Baby" featuring OutKast and Killer Mike (dirty version) – 4:10
# "Hey Baby" (The Homeboy Mix) – 3:50
# "Hella Good" (Roger's Release Yourself Mix) – 7:16
# "Ex-Girlfriend" (The Psycho Ex Mix) – 7:42
# "Hey Baby" (video)
# "Hella Good" (video)
# "Underneath It All" (video)

Enhanced content

*"Hey Baby" Video
*"Rock Steady" Screensaver
*The Making of "Rock Steady"

Personnel

No Doubt
*Tom Dumont – guitar, keyboard
*Tony Kanal – bass, keyboard, saxophone
*Gwen Stefani – vocals
*Adrian Young – drumsAdditional personnel
*Bounty Killer – performer
*Lady Saw – performer
*Gabrial McNair – trombone, keyboard
*Ric Ocasek – keyboard
*Andy Potts – saxophone
*Prince – keyboard, background vocals
*Robbie Shakespeare – bass
*Django Stewart – saxophone

Production

* Producers: No Doubt, Nellee Hooper, Ric Ocasek, William Orbit, Prince, Sly & Robbie, Steely & Clevie, Philip Steir, Mark "Spike" Stent
* Executive producers: Brian Jobson, Wayne Jobson
* Engineers: Rory Baker, Hans Buff, Daniel Chase, Greg Collins, Count, Karl Derfler, Tom Dumont, Simon Gogerly, Alain Johannes, Tony Kanal, Tkae Mendez
* Assistant engineers: Jeff Kanan, Anthony Kilhoffer, Steve Mandel, Ian Rossiter, Juan Pablo Velasco, Jennifer Young
* Mixing: Matt Fields, Mark "Spike" Stent, David Treahearn, Keith Uddin
* Mixing programmers: John Gould, Wayne Wilkins
* Mastering: Brian Gardner
* A&R: Mark Williams
* Programming: Ned Douglas, Tom Dumont, Sly Dunbar, Tony Kanal, Sean Spuehler, Gwen Stefani, Philip Steir
* Art conception: Gwen Stefani
* Design: Jolie Clemens
* Layout design: Jolie Clemens
* Photography: Shawn Mortenson, Frank Ockenfels
* Package coordinators: Cindy Cooper, Ekaterina Kenney

Charts

References