Naturopathic medical school in North America

This article is about the professional program in naturopathic medicine whose graduates are eligible to practice as primary health care providers. For information about the differences between these and other programs in North America and worldwide, see Naturopathy.

Alternative medical systems

Acupuncture · Anthroposophic medicine · Ayurveda · Chiropractic · Herbalism · Homeopathy · Naturopathy · Qigong · Siddha medicine · Traditional medicine (Chinese · Mongolian · Tibetan) · Unani

NCCAM classifications

Whole medical systems · Mind-body interventions · Biologically based therapies · Manipulative therapy · Energy therapies

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Alternative medicine · Glossary · People

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A naturopathic medical school in Canada and the United States is a four year graduate institution which confers the first professional degree in naturopathic medicine, the Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine or ND degree.

Naturopathic doctors in North America practice as primary care providers with an emphasis on disease prevention and optimizing wellness.^[1][2] Naturopathic medicine is a complementary and alternative medicine which emphasizes the body's intrinsic ability to heal and maintain itself. Naturopaths prefer to use natural remedies such as herbs and foods rather than surgery or synthetic drugs. Naturopathic practice includes many different modalities. Practitioners emphasize a holistic approach to patient care, and may recommend patients use conventional medicine alongside their treatments. Regulation and licensing of naturopathic practice varies greatly among North American jurisdictions.

Admissions

Admission into naturopathic medical school requires a four-year bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university,^[3] and completion of mandatory pre-medical courses.^[4] Many applicants choose to obtain further education before naturopathic medical school in the form of a master's degree or other degrees. Admissions criteria include overall performance in the undergraduate years, application essays, letters of recommendation, and interviews.

Curriculum

It takes four years to complete a ND or NMD degree program, although some colleges also offer a less intensive five-year track to complete the same coursework and clinical study. Accredited naturopathic schools require minimum of 4,100 total hours of study.^[5]

Preclinical study generally comprises the first two years and consists of classroom and laboratory instruction in core subjects such as anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, histology, immunology, microbiology, pathology, pathophysiology, physical & clinical diagnosis, laboratory diagnosis, and neurosciences.^[6] Once students successfully complete preclinical training, they generally take step one of the Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations (NPLEX).^[7]

The second two years of study generally consist of training in natural medicine modalities such as botanical medicine, clinical nutrition, homeopathy, pharmacology, and physical medicine. At the same time they receive training in organ system studies like gastroenterology, cardiology and psychology. The upper years incorporate a minimum of 1,200 clinical hours under the supervision of a licensed Naturopathic Doctor.^[5]

Core naturopathic modalities

Naturopathic doctors use a wide variety of treatment modalities. The core set of interventions defined by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education and taught at all seven accredited schools in North America includes:^{[citation needed]}

• botanical medicine
• homeopathy
• nutrition
• prescription drugs
• physical medicine (includes naturopathic, osseous and soft tissue manipulative therapy, physiotherapy, sports medicine, therapeutic exercise and hydrotherapy)
• psychological counseling
• nature cure
• acupuncture and Oriental medicine
• emergency medicine
• minor surgery—limited to surgical repair and care of superficial lacerations and abrasions, removal of benign superficial lesions(including punch biopsies), the removal of foreign bodies and masses located in the superficial structures, and the use of antiseptics and local anesthetics.^[8]

In addition to the above core curriculum, individual schools and practitioners often tailor their curriculum and practice to meet regional community needs and standards. For example, schools located in jurisdictions that permit additional modalities such as venipuncture and intravenous therapy have added these courses to the core curriculum.

Practice and regulation

Before becoming licensed NDs, or being eligible to complete a residency in naturopathic medicine, students must pass step two of the NPLEX. Licensed naturopaths must fulfill state-mandated continuing education requirements annually, and have a specific scope of practice defined by the province or state in which they practice. As of 2008 five Canadian provinces^[9], sixteen US states, the District of Columbia, and the US territories of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands^[10] have laws that license graduates of North American naturopathic medical schools to practice. Two US states, South Carolina and Tennessee outlaw all practice of naturopathic medicine.

Accreditation

Schools of Naturopathic medicine in the United States and Canada are accredited by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME).^[9] The CNME also approves postdoctoral residency programs in naturopathic family practice. Naturopathic curricula may be regionally accredited as well.

See also

• List of accredited naturopathic medical schools in North America
• Association of Accredited Naturopathic Medical Colleges

References

1. ^ Naturopathy and the Primary Care Practice - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ - PMCID: PMC2883816
2. ^ Association of Accredited Naturopathic Medical Colleges - Naturopathic Physicians Are Primary Care Providers - AANMC
3. ^ "Education in naturopathic medicine". 2008. http://www.aanmc.org/education.php. 
4. ^ "Academic Prerequisites". 2008. http://www.aanmc.org/education/academic-prerequisites.php. 
5. ^ ^{a b} "Handbook of Accreditation For Naturopathic Medicine Programs". 2008. http://www.cnme.org/resources/2007_hoa.pdf. 
6. ^ "Academic Curriculum". 2008. http://www.aanmc.org/education/academic-curriculum.php. 
7. ^ "Description of the NPLEX examinations". 2008. http://www.nabne.org/nabne_page_23.php#Anchor5. 
8. ^ "Findings and Recommendations Regarding Minor Office Procedures--pgs 10-11". 2006. http://www.naturopathic.ca.gov/formspubs/mop_report.pdf. 
9. ^ ^{a b} "Education and Regulation". 2009. http://www.cand.ca/index.php?40. 
10. ^ "Licensed States and Licensing Authorities". 2008. http://www.naturopathic.org/content.asp?contentid=57. 

External links

• Naturopathic Education and Residency Consortium (NERC)
• Naturopathic Medical Student Association (NMSA)