Diplocynodon

Nephrozoa

Diplocynodon Temporal range: Paleocene–Middle Miocene PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Diplocynodon darwini
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Superorder:	Crocodylomorpha
Order:	Crocodylia
Superfamily:	Alligatoroidea
Subfamily:	2010 †D. gervaisi †D. hantoniensis (Wood, 1846) †D. muelleri (Kälin, 1936) †D. ratelii Pomel, 1847 (type) †D. tormis †D. ungeri (Prangner, 1845)
Synonyms
Caimanosuchus Enneodon Pranger, 1845  ?Hispanochampsa Kälin, 1936 Saurocainus

Diplocynodon is an extinct genus of alligatoroid that lived during the Paleocene to middle Miocene 49 million years ago in Europe. It looked very similar to the modern caiman in that it was small and had bony armour scutes covering its neck, back, belly, and tail. The longest Diplocynodon recovered was 4 feet in length and probably fed on fish, animal flesh, and took insects when young.

In the nineteenth century, D. steineri was named from Styria, Austria and D. styriacus was named from Austria and France. A third Austrian species, Enneodon ungeri, was placed in its own genus. The Austrian and French species of Diplocynodon were synonymized with E. ungeri in 2011, and because the name Diplocynodon has priority over Enneodon, the species is now called D. ungeri. ^[1]

Well preserved specimens have been found in the Messel Pit in Germany. In the Eocene epoch, the pit was a swampy freshwater lake that was perfect for preserving fossils due to anoxic conditions at its bottom.

Species

Species
Species	Age	Location	Unit	Notes	Images
D. dalpiazi	Late Rupelian	Italy	Monteviale		Skeleton from Messel pit, Hesse, Germany, 48 million years old Illustration of the rostrum of Diplocynodon hantoniensis, 1889 Diplocynodon cf. ratelii
D. darwini	Lutetian	Germany	Messel pit	All specimens are from Messel pit of Germany. Synonyms are: Caimanosuchus brevirostris, D. ebertsi and D. hallense.
D. elavericus[2]	Middle Priabonian	France	Domérat	All specimens came from Allier, Massif Central of France.
D. gervaisi	Earliest Rupelian	France	Ronzon	Synonyms are: Saurocainus gervaisi.
D. hantoniensis	Early Priabonian	United Kingdom	Headon Hill Formation	All specimens came from Hordwell, southern England. D. cf. hantoniensis is known from the Oligocene of Dordogne, France.
D. muelleri[3]	Middle Rupelian	Spain	El Talladell	More than 100 are known, all from Lleida Province, Catalonia. Synonyms are: Hispanochampsa muelleri, D. guerini and D. marini.
D. ratelii	Middle Aquitanian* Late Eocene to Early Miocene	France	Saint-Gérand-le-Puy*	D. ratelii is the type species of Diplocynodon. Most of the specimens came from Allier, Massif Central of France. Synonyms are: D. gracile.
D. tormis	Late Bartonian	Spain	Salamanca
D. ungeri[1]	Middle Miocene	Austria*  France	Pannonian Basin* Paris Basin	Synonyms are: Enneodon ungeri, D. steineri, and D. styriacus (see text).

*Locality and/or horizon of the type specimen.

Phylogeny

Cladogram based on Martin, 2010:^[2]

Alligatoroidea	Leidyosuchus Globidonta Diplocynodontidae Baryphracta Diplocynodon D. darwini D. hantoniensis D. ratelii D. elavericus D. muelleri D. tormis

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Jeremy E. Martin and Martin Gross (2011). "Taxonomic clarification of Diplocynodon Pomel, 1847 (Crocodilia) from the Miocene of Styria, Austria". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 261 (2): 177–193. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2011/0159. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/schweiz/njbgeol/2011/00000261/00000002/art00004. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Jeremy E. Martin (2010). "A new species of Diplocynodon (Crocodylia, Alligatoroidea) from the Late Eocene of the Massif Central, France, and the evolution of the genus in the climatic context of the Late Palaeogene". Geological Magazine 147: 596–610. doi:10.1017/S0016756809990161. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7792029. 
3. ^ Paolo Pirasa and Angela D. Buscalionib (2006). "Diplocynodon muelleri comb. nov., an Oligocene diplocynodontine alligatoroid from Catalonia (Ebro Basin, Lleida Province, Spain)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (3): 608–620. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[608:DMCNAO]2.0.CO;2. http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26%5B608:DMCNAO%5D2.0.CO%3B2. 

• Fossils (Smithsonian Handbooks) by David Ward (Page 243)

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