Lake Burrumbeet

Infobox lake
lake_name = Lake Burrumbeet
image_lake =
caption_lake =Lake Burrumbeet
image_bathymetry =
caption_bathymetry=
location = West of Ballarat, Victoria
coords = coord|37|30|S|143|39|E|type:waterbody_region:AU|display=inline,title
type = eutrophic
inflow = Burrumbeet Creek, Blind Creek
outflow = Baillies Creek (When full), evaporation
catchment = 228 km²
basin_countries = Australia
length = 6.6 km
width = 4.7 km
area = 24 km²
depth = 2 metres
max-depth = 2.65 metres
volume = 38000 m/l
residence_time =
shore =
elevation = 380 metres
islands =
cities =
frozen =

Lake Burrumbeet is a large but shallow eutrophic lake in central Western Victoria, Australia. Located 20 km west of Ballarat and 140 km west of Melbourne, the lake has been progressively emptying since 1997 and has been declared completely dry since 2004. The lake is a major wetland for the region because of its size and is utilised as a recreational area for boating, fishing and camping.cite web |url=http://www.ballarat.vic.gov.au/Parks_and_Environment/Nature_Reserves/Lake_Burrumbeet/index.aspx |title=Lake Burrumbeet Master Plan |accessdate=2008-04-05 |author=City of Ballarat |date= |work= |publisher=]

Burrumbeet is the largest of four shallow lakes in the Ballarat region covering approximately 24 square km. The lake reserve is of important historical significance as many aboriginal camp sites and areas of geological interest are located around its foreshore. [cite web |url=http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/nthcenregn.nsf/pages/nthcen_eruption_points_burrumbeet |title=Lake Burrumbeet (Victorian Resources Online) |accessdate=2008-04-05 |author=Victorian Department of Primary Industries |date= |work= |publisher=Victorian Government, Melbourne ]

Physical features and hydrology

The lake is a large open water body with a surface area of approximately 24 km². Burrumbeet Creek is the main input to the lake with some other catchment areas to the north and south. The flow of the creek is supplemented by a release of 2000 m/l of treated waste water per year from the Ballarat North Treatment Plant. [cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=FACT SHEET: Impact on the Lake Burrumbeet Catchment | date=Jan. 2006 | publisher=City of Ballarat | url =http://www.ballarat.vic.gov.au/library/scripts/objectifyMedia.aspx?file=pdf/13/20.pdf&str_title=Fact%20Sheet%20-%20Impact%20On%20Lake%20Burumbeet%20(Jan06).pdf | work = | pages = | accessdate = 2008-04-06 | language = ] The lake outlet is situated in the south-west shore of the lake and flows into Baillie Creek, which is a tributary of Hopkins River. The oulet is controlled by a series of boards which are raised or lowered depending on water levels. The lake is characterised by a sand and mud bottom with rock outcrops.cite web |url=http://www.glenelg-hopkins.vic.gov.au/imageandfileuploads/RM2049v1.pdf |title=Floodplain Management Plan for Lake Burrumbeet and Burrumbeet Creek Catchment |accessdate=2008-04-05 |author=Lawson and Treloar Pty Ltd |date=2003 |work= |publisher=]

Surrounded by grazing land the lake has suffered from a rise in salinity levels due to abnormally dry conditions. This is reflected also by a fall in lake levels. High nutrient levels and algal blooms occur in the lake from time to time. The lake is often discoloured and has seasonal changes in turbidity levels.

History

Before European settlement the area around Lake Burrumbeet was inhabited and frequented by the "Burrumbeet balug" tribe of the "Wadawurrung" clan. The area would have provided a good source of food, particularly Short-finned eel. [cite web |url=http://www.wind-power.com.au/Downloads/lexton/Appendix_3.pdf |title=Proposed Lexton Wind Farm: Cultural Assessment |accessdate=2008-04-05 |author=Tardis Enterprises, Cultural Heritage Consultants |date=2006 |work= |publisher=] The name Burrumbeet derives from the local aboriginal word "burrumbidj" meaning 'muddy or dirty water'. [cite web |url=http://vaclang.ozhosting.com/search.asp |title= Dictionary of Aboriginal Place Names of Victoria |accessdate=2008-04-05 |author=Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages |date=2002 |work= |publisher=Ian D. Clark and Toby Heydon] Some artifacts and tools have been found on the Northern edge of the lake in the past.

European settlement came in 1838 when Thomas Learmonth and his brother took up the Ercildoun squatting run to the north of the lake. William Bramwell Withers recounting in his "History of Ballarat" describes hot days and freezing cold nights, so much so, that the early pioneers camping place, near Burrumbeet, was named Mt Misery. In the next year, 1839, the bed of Lake Burrumbeet was quite dry, and it remained so for several succeeding summers when Mrs Andrew Scott drove across the dry lake bed in 1840. [cite news | first=Dot | last=Wickham | coauthors= | title=Water concerns also beset Ballarat pioneers | date=2003-09-07 | publisher= | url =http://ballarat.yourguide.com.au/articles/252888.html?src=search | work =The Ballarat Courier | pages = | accessdate = 2008-04-06 | language = ] In 1944 it was reported that the lake had again completely dried up.

On October 21 1965, a a Ballarat Aero Club Cessna plunged into the lake with a pilot and three passengers on board. Two people were killed when the plane crashed 1.5km from shore. The bodies and most of the plane's wreckage were removed from the lake in the days following the crash. With the lake now dry the remaining wreckage was only discovered recently and is believed to have since been souvenired. [cite news | first=Catherine | last=Best | coauthors= | title=Tragic Past Revisited | date=2004-03-24 | publisher=Rural Press | url =http://ballarat.yourguide.com.au/articles/294681.html?src=search | work =The Ballarat Courier | pages = | accessdate = 2008-04-06 | language = ]

Flora and Fauna

Burrumbeet is one of the most productive redfin perch waterways in Victoria, with fish to 2.5kg and is very popular with anglers. Short-finned eel to 1kg, roach to 350g, tench to 1.35kg, goldfish, flat-headed gudgeon, Australian smelt and European carp are found here. The lake is occasionally stocked with rainbow trout when conditions are suitable and at those times, it provides a very good trout fishery. The lake is also fished commercially for short-finned eel. [ cite web|url=http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/angling/36-Hopkins/Basin%20TEMPLATE%20Waters.htm |title=Angling Waters of the Hopkins River Basin 36 |accessdate=2008-04-06 |work=A Guide to the Inland Angling Waters of Victoria |publisher=Victorian Department of Primary Industries ] Birdlife such as Black Swan are common.

There is little vegetation remaining of value around the lake due to the intensive agricultural methods used since settlement. However there are stands of River red gum near the mouth of Burrumbeet creek estimated to be over 500 years old. The current drought conditions has created an environment suitable for unwanted vegetation to grow on the lake bed, in particular, "Agrostis Avenacea", commonly known as fairy grass or tumble weed. When dry, this type of grass produces a seed head that becomes wind blown and can become a nuisance value and a fire hazard due to it gathering in wind drifts.

ee also

* Lake Wendouree
* Lake Learmonth
* Drought in Australia

References

External links

* [http://www.glenelg-hopkins.vic.gov.au/ Glenelg-Hopkins Catchment Management Authority]
* [http://www.ballarat.vic.gov.au/ City of Ballarat]
* [http://www.chw.net.au/ Central Highlands Water]