The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence

The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence
Author(s)	Victor Marchetti, John D. Marks
Country	United States
Language	English
Subject(s)	Central Intelligence Agency
Genre(s)	Non-fiction
Publisher	Alfred A. Knopf
Publication date	June 12, 1974
Media type	Print (Hardcover & Paperback)
Pages	398
ISBN	0394482395
OCLC Number	920485
Dewey Decimal	327.1/2/06073 19
LC Classification	JK468.I6 M37 1974

The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence is a 1974 controversial non-fiction political book written by Victor Marchetti, a former special assistant to the Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, and John D. Marks, a former officer of the United States Department of State.^[1]

The authors claim to expose how the CIA actually works and how its original purpose (i.e. collecting and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and persons in order to advise public policymakers) had been subverted by its obsession with clandestine operations. It is the first book the federal government of the United States ever went to court to censor before its publication. The CIA demanded the authors remove 399 passages but they stood firm and only 168 passages were censored.^[2] The publisher, Alfred A. Knopf, chose to publish the book with blanks for censored passages and with boldface type for passages that were challenged but later uncensored.^[1]

The book was a critically acclaimed bestseller whose publication contributed to the establishment of the Church Committee, a United States Senate select committee to study governmental operations with respect to intelligence activities, in 1975.^[3] The book was published in paperback by Dell Publishing in 1975.

History

Content

The book is partly censored,^[4] but it is printed to show which parts were blacked out—it is perhaps the earliest published book to show its deletions.^[5] The book contains a list of list of foreign officials, including King Hussein of Jordan, who received clandestine payments from the CIA in return for "favors."^[6]

Cult of intelligence

Victor Marchetti used the expression "cult of intelligence" to denounce what he viewed as a counterproductive mindset and culture of secrecy, elitism, amorality and lawlessness within and surrounding the Central Intelligence Agency in the service of American imperialism:

There exists in our nation today a powerful and dangerous secret cult -- the cult of intelligence. Its holy men are the clandestine professionals of the Central Intelligence Agency. Its patrons and protectors are the highest officials of the federal government. Its membership, extending far beyond governmental circles, reaches into the power centers of industry, commerce, finance, and labor. Its friends are many in the areas of important public influence -- the academic world and the communications media. The cult of intelligence is a secret fraternity of the American political aristocracy. The purpose of the cult is to further the foreign policies of the U.S. government by covert and usually illegal means, while at the same time containing the spread of its avowed enemy, communism. Traditionally, the cult's hope has been to foster a world order in which America would reign supreme, the unchallenged international leader. Today, however, that dream stands tarnished by time and frequent failures. Thus, the cult's objectives are now less grandiose, but no less disturbing. It seeks largely to advance America's self-appointed role as the dominant arbiter of social, economic, and political change in the awakening regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. And its worldwide war against communism has to some extent been reduced to a covert struggle to maintain a self-serving stability in the Third World, using whatever clandestine methods are available.^[1]

Critical reception

In his 1978 memoir, Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA, William Colby, a former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, endorsed Marchetti's critique and adopted the use of the expression "cult of intelligence":

Socially as well as professionally they cliqued together, forming a sealed fraternity. They ate together at their own special favorite restaurants; they partied almost only among themselves; their families drifted to each other, so their defenses did not always have to be up. In this way they increasingly separated themselves from the ordinary world and developed a rather skewed view of that world. Their own dedicated double life became the proper norm, and they looked down on the life of the rest of the citizenry. And out of this grew what was later named -- and condemned -- as the "cult" of intelligence, an inbred, distorted, elitist view of intelligence that held it to be above the normal processes of society, with its own rationale and justification, beyond the restraints of the Constitution, which applied to everything and everyone else.^[7]

In popular culture

In reaction to Marchetti's use of the expression "cult of intelligence", it has also come to be used by some writers of conspiracy theory and conspiracy fiction to describe a cabal, with a pyramid-shaped hierarchy, which is fanatically devoted to gathering information, often of an esoteric or occult nature.^[8]

See also

Church Committee CIA influence on public opinion Family Jewels (Central Intelligence Agency) Kerry Committee report

Pike Committee United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence United States President's Commission on CIA activities within the United States United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} Marchetti, Victor; Marks, John D. (1974). The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence. Knopf. ISBN 0394482395. 
2. ^ Scott Shane (2007-10-28). "Spies Do a Huge Volume of Work in Invisible Ink". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/weekinreview/28shane.html?ref=weekinreview&pagewanted=print. Retrieved 2008-06-27. 
3. ^ Snider, L. Britt (2008). The Agency & The Hill: CIA's Relationship with Congress, 1946-2004, Chapter 2. CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/agency-and-the-hill/05-The%20Agency%20and%20the%20Hill_PartI-Chapter2.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-27. 
4. ^ Betts, Richard K. (2009). Enemies of Intelligence: Knowledge and Power in American National Security. Columbia UP. pp. xiii. ISBN 9780231138895. http://books.google.com/books?id=KjySxvQlYwgC&pg=PR13. 
5. ^ shane, Scott (28 October 2007). "Spies Do a Huge Volume of Work in Invisible Ink". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/weekinreview/28shane.html. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
6. ^ Binder, David (19 February 1977). "More Heads of State Are Reported To Have Received C.I.A. Payments". The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00C13F63E5D167493CBA81789D85F438785F9. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
7. ^ Colby, William (1974). Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0394482395. 
8. ^ Moench, Doug (1995). Factoid Books: The Big Book of Conspiracies. Paradox Press. ISBN 1563891867. 

External links

• Institute for Historical Review (1989). Propaganda and Disinformation: How the CIA Manufactures History Retrieved 2008-06-24.