Bullet catch

The bullet catch is a conjuring illusion in which a magician appears to catch a bullet fired directly at him – often in his mouth, sometimes in his hand. The bullet catch may also be referred to as the bullet trick, or occasionally the gun trick.

In performance

The trick usually involves a gun which is loaded and operated by someone with a knowledge of firearms to demonstrate that no deception is being used. In most instances, the bullet is marked by an audience member so that it can be identified later. Great efforts are usually made to show that the person firing the gun does not come in contact with the person catching the bullet. When magicians Penn and Teller perform the bullet catch, in which each simultaneously catches a bullet shot by the other, a line is drawn down the center of the stage, demonstrating that neither will cross to the other side.

The gun is then fired through a target (usually a pane of glass, which shatters) to demonstrate that the gun has actually fired a bullet and the catcher didn't just hide a bullet in their mouth or hand all along. The performer catching the bullet usually collapses, apparently as a result of performing such a feat, and then rises to produce the bullet which is most often spat onto a plate or tray. Historical accounts of the bullet catch describe the bullet being caught in a handkerchief, in a bottle, or even on the tip of a sword. The guns that Penn and Teller use in their effect are fitted with laser sights to add to the suspense and drama of the trick.

History

One of the earliest documentations of the bullet catch appeared in the book "Threats of God's Judgments" by Reverend Thomas Beard in 1631. Fifty years earlier in France, a magician by the name of Coullew of Lorraine had been successfully performing the bullet catch, demonstrating that he could catch bullets in his hand. (This early performer was clubbed to death with his own gun by an angry assistant in 1613.) Throughout the 1700s, variations of the bullet catch were developed by a number of street performers.

In his 1785 book, "Natural Magic or Physical Amusements Revealed", Philip Astley wrote that he himself had invented the trick in 1762. However, two books published in 1761 mentioned the bullet catch as described by Reverend Beard: "The Conjuror Unmasked" by Thomas Denton, and "La Magie blanche dévoilée" by Henri Decremps (the former an English translation of the French text). In fact, Astley's publication plagiarized much of its material from Descremps, including a similar cover illustration, but altered the material to depict conjurers in a more positive light.

Around 1840, Scottish magician John Henry Anderson began demonstrating the gun trick in theatres throughout Britain. Anderson, or "The Great Wizard of the North" as he was called, performed for P.T. Barnum, Czar Nicholas, Queen Victoria, and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and toured in the United States and Australia, thus bringing the bullet catch into mainstream magic illusions. At least four of Anderson's rivals adapted and imitated his trick in their own performances.

The bullet catch is arguably one of the most dangerous and daring illusions that a magician can attempt, even when performed in a controlled situation. Legends surround the trick, claiming that more than twelve magicians have been killed while performing it. [cite book|author=David Pogue|title=Magic for Dummies|date=July 1998 |isbn=0764551019]

Although there are few documented cases of actual death, there are several accounts of the performer actually being shot. The number of deaths surrounding the bullet catch has given rise to a story that the trick carries with it a curse to those who attempt to perform it, though in reality there have been far more successful performances than fatalities. This is a bit suspect, as magicians will often include stories of death, dismemberment, and curses as part of the staging of many tricks.

Thomas Frost in his 1876 book "The Lives of the Conjurors" wrote of two separate performers in the 1820s named Torrini De Grisy and De Linsky who were responsible for the deaths of their son and wife, respectively. In 1869, a performer by the name of Dr. Epstein was killed when the tip of the wand he was using to ram the charge into the gun broke off inside and was subsequently launched at him when the gun was fired.

The best documented instance of a performer being killed while performing the gun trick is the case of Chung Ling Soo who was shot dead by a malfunctioning firearm in London in 1918. This event ended the popularity of the bullet catch trick for nearly 70 years. Escape artist and daredevil Harry Houdini wrote a historical account of the illusion and considered adding it to his repertoire but is said to have been afraid to actually perform it. To his friend Houdini, fellow magician Harry Kellar offered this pleading advice in the early 1900s:Fact|date=February 2007

:"Don't try the bullet-catching trick. There is always the biggest kind of risk that some dog will 'job' you. And we can't afford to lose Houdini. Harry, listen to your friend Kellar, who loves you as his own son, and don't do it!"

American mentalist Theodore Annemann successfully presented a dramatic outdoor version of the bullet catch throughout his career in the 1930s until his death in 1942.

In the 1950s, Australian magician Maurice Rooklyn survived being hit in the shoulder by a bullet while performing the bullet catch. After this event, he wore a chainmail vest under his shirt for safety. When he was later hit in the scalp by another bullet, he decided to completely remove the trick from his repertoire. Fact|date=February 2007

Also in the 1950s, German magician Ralf Bialla started to perform the bullet catch, for a fee of 2,000 DM a performance. He wore bullet-proof glasses, strong gloves on his hands with which he covered parts of his face, and his front teeth were made of steel. A .22 rifle was fired, and the bullet had to go through three glass panes before Bialla caught it with his teeth. He was seriously wounded nine times, but survived. He was portrayed in the 1972 documentary film "Wer schießt auf Ralf Bialla?". In 1975, he died by falling off a cliff, supposedly because of constant dizziness caused by the injuries.

In April, 1980, a magician named Carl Skenes attempted what is the only verified performance of the bullet-catch (which is arguable because of Ralf Bialla's performance) using a .22 rifle firing actual bullets. Skenes wore a tooth-guard mouthpiece, and then placed a steel box into his mouth. A sharpshooter then fired the bullet into the dime-sized opening at the front of the box. Skenes first performed this stunt in 1980 on the television show "That's Incredible", and later performed it on similar shows in Puerto Rico, Japan, and Venezuela. He used no gimmicks in his performance. The .22 rifle was mounted onto a number of gun stands to keep it steady, and the protective gear and target box he placed into his mouth were put in as part of the performance.Fact|date=March 2007 David Blaine used this same method with Carl Skene's assistance in September 2008 as part of the "Dive of Death" special, calling it an effect and an illusion.

In 1988, magician Dorothy Dietrich performed the bullet trick in a performance at Resorts International in Atlantic City. This was shown throughout the world on a TV special called "Just For The Record, The best of everything." She also performed it as a featured performer for a world wide yearly convention of The International Brotherhood of Magicians that was featured on Network TV's "Evening Magazine", and on another occasion for the television show "You Asked for It" with Rich Little as host. On another occasion she performed it for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation on a show called "Autobus du Canada," and was paid the highest amount ever paid a magician on Canadian television. She advertised that she was the first and only woman to perform the illusion of catching a bullet in her mouth. (In the 1850s, a young woman named Annie Vernone had performed the trick with her sister, and in the 1890s, Adelaide Herrmann, wife of The Great Herrmann, continued to perform her husband's routines after his death; however, they usually caught it in a plate held in front of them, and neither of them caught it in her mouth.) Dietrich advertised a $10,000 reward to anyone who could prove that a bullet did not actually leave the rifle. She has been called "The First Lady of Magic," America's Number One Female Magician," and "The first woman to saw a man in half." She was also featured in a Home Box Office special starring Tony Curtis, who played Houdini in the Paramount bio-flick, doing a straitjacket escape 15 stories in the air from a burning rope. She is currently head of the Houdini Museum in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and appears on national TV several times a year.

In 2006, the bullet catch trick was tested on the TV show "MythBusters". The crew used a slaughtered pig's head to see if it were actually feasible for a human jaw to withstand the force of a bullet. Despite having stronger teeth than a human, the pig's teeth and jaw were badly damaged. After judging the trick "busted", the crew was challenged to design a precisely timed mechanical bullet catching rig. This device was only modestly successful at actually catching a bullet, and only after the "jaws" were switched from a human shaped metal jaw to a longer duckbill one with more surface area. Even with perfect timing aided by ultra-high speed photography, the bullet deteriorated into an almost unrecognizable mass of metal upon impact.

Despite frequent rumors to the contrary, in a radio interview with Penn Jillette in February, 2006, magician Criss Angel seemed to indicate his unaired performance of the bullet catch was an illusion, saying that it "was so believable" that television network A&E barred it from airing. In Angel's performance, his musician friend Jonathan Davis appeared to fire a high-powered rifle into a titanium cup custom-made to fit into Criss' mouth. [ [http://www.pennfans.net/view/Audio_Archive/PennRadio/The.Penn.Jillette.Radio.Show.2006.02.07/ Penn on Criss Angel's bullet trick] ]

The trick, although not performed successfully, was featured in the 2006 movie "The Prestige". In the graphic novel "Watchmen" one of the characters, a hero named Ozymandias, has no super powers and is instead supposed to be the peak physical and mental specimin of humanity. He implies that he could catch a bullet (with his hands) and in the end does it, when another hero fires a pistol at him at close range. Even among the other hereos, nobody believed he could do it.

Famous performers

* Coulew of Lorraine (France, early 1600s; clubbed to death with his own gun by an irate assistant in 1613)
* Kia Khan Khruse (England, shot by spectator in 1818) †
* De Linsky (Germany, killed his wife in 1820) †
* "Torrini" De Grisy (killed his son Giovanni in 1826) †
* Annie Vernone (England, 1850s)
* John Henry Anderson (Britain, 1860s)
* Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin (France, 1860s)
* Dr. Epstein (Paris, killed in 1869) †
* De Line (killed his son in 1890) †
* The Great Herrmann and, wife, Adelaide (United States, 1890s)
* Michael Hatal (United States, shot by audience member in 1899) †
* "Bosco" Blumenfeld (Switzerland, shot by audience member in 1906) †
* Edvin Lindberg (Germany, killed in 1905) †
* Chung Ling Soo (London, killed in 1918) †
* Theodore Annemann (United States, 1930s)
* Jean Hugard (New Zealand, 1940s)
* Maurice Fogel (England, 1940s-1960s)
* Maurice Rooklyn (Australia, 1950s)
* Ralf Bialla (Germany, 1950s - 1975), wounded nine times, starring in the documentary "Wer schießt auf Ralf Bialla?" (1972) by Hans-Dieter Grabe
* Carl Skenes (United States, 1980s)
* Dorothy Dietrich (United States, 1980s)
* Paul Daniels (England, 1980s)
* Steven "Banachek" Shaw (United States, 1980s)
* Val Valentino, with a gimmicked gun, as the Masked Magician in the movie "Breaking the Magicians' Code: Magic's Biggest Secrets Finally Revealed"
* Joe Labero (Tunisia, 2000s)
* Penn & Teller (United States, 2000s)
* Criss Angel (United States, 2000s)
* Garrett "Jeffy" Stevenson (United States, 2000s)
* Matt the Knife (United States, 2000s)
* Brock Gill (United States, 2000s)
* David Blaine (Unites States, September 24 2008 as a part of "Dive of Death")

† died as a result or consequence of the trick

ee also

*Henry Deringer

References

* Poundstone, William. "Biggest Secrets". ISBN 0-688-13792-X
* Randi, James. "Conjuring". ISBN 0-312-09771-9
* Ayres, Mick. "Carl Skenes: Biting the Bullet" in "The Linking Ring" (November 2000).
* Severn, Bill. "The Guide to Magic as a Hobby".

External links

* [http://houdini.org/bulletcatch.html Dorothy Dietrich's Bullet Catch]
* [http://www.donath.org/Rants/PennTellerBulletTrick/ Penn & Teller's Double Bullet Catch]
* [http://www.magictricks.com/library/injury.htm Injury During Bullet Catch]
* [http://www.foreworks.com/bullet2.html Trick Revealed]