GPI (gene)

Glucose phosphate isomerase, also known as GPI, is a human protein encoded by the gene|GPI gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GPI glucose phosphate isomerase| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2821| accessdate = ]

Functions

This gene belongs to the GPI family whose members encode multifunctional phosphoglucose isomerase proteins involved in energy pathways. The protein encoded by this gene is a dimeric enzyme that catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate.

glucose 6-phosphate <=> fructose 6-phosphate

The protein has different functions inside and outside the cell. In the cytoplasm, the protein is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, while outside the cell it functions as a neurotrophic factor for spinal and sensory neurons. The same protein is also secreted by cancer cells, where it is called "autocrine motility factor"cite journal |author=Dobashi Y, Watanabe H, Sato Y, "et al" |title=Differential expression and pathological significance of autocrine motility factor/glucose-6-phosphate isomerase expression in human lung carcinomas |journal=J. Pathol. |volume=210 |issue=4 |pages=431–40 |year=2006 |month=December |pmid=17029220 |doi=10.1002/path.2069 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.2069] and stimulates metastasis. [cite journal |author=Watanabe H, Takehana K, Date M, Shinozaki T, Raz A |title=Tumor cell autocrine motility factor is the neuroleukin/phosphohexose isomerase polypeptide |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=56 |issue=13 |pages=2960–3 |year=1996 |month=July |pmid=8674049 |url=http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8674049] Defects in this gene are the cause of nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and a severe enzyme deficiency can be associated with hydrops fetalis, immediate neonatal death and neurological impairment.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GPI glucose phosphate isomerase| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2821| accessdate = ]

ee also

* Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Kugler W, Lakomek M |title=Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase deficiency. |journal=Baillieres Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol. |volume=13 |issue= 1 |pages= 89–101 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10916680 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Walker JI, Faik P, Morgan MJ |title=Characterization of the 5' end of the gene for human glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI). |journal=Genomics |volume=7 |issue= 4 |pages= 638–43 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2387591 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Brownstein BH, Silverman GA, Little RD, "et al." |title=Isolation of single-copy human genes from a library of yeast artificial chromosome clones. |journal=Science |volume=244 |issue= 4910 |pages= 1348–51 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2544027 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Mizrachi Y |title=Neurotrophic activity of monomeric glucophosphoisomerase was blocked by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and peptides from HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. |journal=J. Neurosci. Res. |volume=23 |issue= 2 |pages= 217–24 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2547084 |doi= 10.1002/jnr.490230212
*cite journal | author=Gurney ME, Apatoff BR, Spear GT, "et al." |title=Neuroleukin: a lymphokine product of lectin-stimulated T cells. |journal=Science |volume=234 |issue= 4776 |pages= 574–81 |year= 1986 |pmid= 3020690 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Faik P, Walker JI, Redmill AA, Morgan MJ |title=Mouse glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and neuroleukin have identical 3' sequences. |journal=Nature |volume=332 |issue= 6163 |pages= 455–7 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3352745 |doi= 10.1038/332455a0
*cite journal | author=Zanella A, Izzo C, Rebulla P, "et al." |title=The first stable variant of erythrocyte glucose-phosphate isomerase associated with severe hemolytic anemia. |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=9 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–11 |year= 1981 |pmid= 7435496 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Faik P, Walker JI, Morgan MJ |title=Identification of a novel tandemly repeated sequence present in an intron of the glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) gene in mouse and man. |journal=Genomics |volume=21 |issue= 1 |pages= 122–7 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7545951 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1994.1233
*cite journal | author=Xu W, Beutler E |title=The characterization of gene mutations for human glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency associated with chronic hemolytic anemia. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=94 |issue= 6 |pages= 2326–9 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7989588 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Walker JI, Layton DM, Bellingham AJ, "et al." |title=DNA sequence abnormalities in human glucose 6-phosphate isomerase deficiency. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=2 |issue= 3 |pages= 327–9 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8499925 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Xu W, Lee P, Beutler E |title=Human glucose phosphate isomerase: exon mapping and gene structure. |journal=Genomics |volume=29 |issue= 3 |pages= 732–9 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8575767 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1995.9944
*cite journal | author=Baronciani L, Zanella A, Bianchi P, "et al." |title=Study of the molecular defects in glucose phosphate isomerase-deficient patients affected by chronic hemolytic anemia. |journal=Blood |volume=88 |issue= 6 |pages= 2306–10 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8822952 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kanno H, Fujii H, Hirono A, "et al." |title=Molecular analysis of glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia. |journal=Blood |volume=88 |issue= 6 |pages= 2321–5 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8822954 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Beutler E, West C, Britton HA, "et al." |title=Glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency mutations associated with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (HNSHA). |journal=Blood Cells Mol. Dis. |volume=23 |issue= 3 |pages= 402–9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9446754 |doi= 10.1006/bcmd.1997.0157
*cite journal | author=Kanno H, Fujii H, Miwa S |title=Expression and enzymatic characterization of human glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) variants accounting for GPI deficiency. |journal=Blood Cells Mol. Dis. |volume=24 |issue= 1 |pages= 54–61 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9616041 |doi= 10.1006/bcmd.1998.0170
*cite journal | author=Kugler W, Breme K, Laspe P, "et al." |title=Molecular basis of neurological dysfunction coupled with haemolytic anaemia in human glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=103 |issue= 4 |pages= 450–4 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9856489 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Belyaeva OV, Balanovsky OP, Ashworth LK, "et al." |title=Fine mapping of a polymorphic CA repeat marker on human chromosome 19 and its use in population studies. |journal=Gene |volume=230 |issue= 2 |pages= 259–66 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10216265 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Yakirevich E, Naot Y |title=Cloning of a glucose phosphate isomerase/neuroleukin-like sperm antigen involved in sperm agglutination. |journal=Biol. Reprod. |volume=62 |issue= 4 |pages= 1016–23 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10727272 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Haga A, Niinaka Y, Raz A |title=Phosphohexose isomerase/autocrine motility factor/neuroleukin/maturation factor is a multifunctional phosphoprotein. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1480 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 235–44 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11004567 |doi=

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