Kholmsk

Kholmsk
Kholmsk (English)
Холмск (Russian)
-  Inhabited locality  -
Map of Russia - Sakhalin Oblast (2008-03).svg
Location of Sakhalin Oblast in Russia
Kholmsk is located in Sakhalin Oblast
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Kholmsk
Coordinates: 46°39′N 141°52′E / 46.65°N 141.867°E / 46.65; 141.867Coordinates: 46°39′N 141°52′E / 46.65°N 141.867°E / 46.65; 141.867
Coat of Arms of Kholmsk (Sakhalin oblast) coat fof arms.png
Flag of Kholmsk (Sakhalin oblast).png
Coat of arms
Flag
Holiday 18 August[citation needed]
Administrative status
Country Russia
Federal subject Sakhalin Oblast
Administrative center of Kholmsk District[citation needed]
Municipal status
Representative body City Duma[citation needed]
Statistics
Population (2002 Census) 35,141 inhabitants[1]
Founded 1870[citation needed]
Postal code(s) 694620[citation needed]
Dialing code(s) +7 424 33[citation needed]
Official website

Kholmsk (Russian: Холмск) is a town in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, the administrative center of Kholmsky District. Population: 35,141 (2002 Census).

Contents

History

The town was founded in 1870 as a military post. After the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, the town was transferred to Japanese control, along with the rest of southern Sakhalin, under the Treaty of Portsmouth. The Japanese renamed the town Maoka (真岡), translating roughly as True Hill.

The Red Army retook the whole of Sakhalin at the end of the Second World War, with the town receiving its present name Kholmsk in 1946. The name is derived from the Russian word Kholm for hill, referring to the town's location on the hillside surrounding the harbour. On August 20, 1945, a combined marine battalion and the 113th infantry brigade landed in Port Maoka. They were preceded by a group of scouts, landed secretively by submarine Sh-118, in the Maoka area to successfully complete their task. However, Japanese resistance was desperate, and the landing party had to fight particularly fiercely and valiantly. Enemy fire set one of the coastguards on fire, to which the Russian response was intense naval bombardment of the city, causing more civilian deaths. It is known as Maoka Massacre.

As with a number of cities in the Russian Far East, Kholmsk has seen a large drop in population since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the economic crisis which followed in the 1990s, with a 1989 population of over 50,000 now reduced to an estimated population of just over 31,000 in 2010.

Economy and infrastructure

Kholmsk is an important sea port for the island of Sakhalin. Since 1973, it has been the Sakhalin terminal of a SASCO train ferry to the port of Vanino on the Russian mainland, connecting the mainline rail network with that of the island.[2] Since Sakhalin railways use the Japanese gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in), the railcars coming from the Russian mainland have their bogies changed in Kholmsk.[3]

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Kholmsk is twinned with:

External links

References


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