Oliver Franks, Baron Franks

Oliver Shewell Franks, Baron Franks, OM, GCMG, KCB, CBE, DL (16 February 1905 – 15 October 1992) was an English civil servant and philosopher who has been described as 'one of the founders of the post-war world'.

Franks was involved in Britain's recovery after the Second World War. The knighted Sir Oliver was the British Ambassador to the United States of America from 1948 to 1952. As ambassador, he strengthened the relationship between the two countries. He was given a life peerage on 10 May 1962 as Baron Franks, of Headington in the County of Oxford.

Lord Franks was often called upon by the government of the day to chair important inquiries, and he is best known for his report in the aftermath of the Falklands War which ultimately exonerated the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her government from charges of having failed to heed warning signals of an Argentine invasion.

Biography

Early life

Franks was educated at Bristol Grammar School and Queen's College, Oxford. He became an Oxford academic, and Provost of Worcester College. He was a moral philosopher by training, serving as Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow between 1936 and 1946.

Oliver Shewell Franks married Barbara Tanner in 1931. She gave birth to three daughters and died in 1987.^{[1][citation needed]}

World War II

At the beginning of the war he was employed by the Ministry of Supply, where he rose to become Permanent Secretary by 1945. During the war he achieved fame by replacing the supplies after Dunkirk, and also replaced supplies from losses in the Battle of the Atlantic.After the war he became Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Supply, and was involved in a lecture entitled Central Planning and Control in War and Peace ^[1]

Post War activities

Franks was a Liberal and a great supporter of Clement Attlee. He was admired by Ernest Bevin. He had frequent conversations with Winston Churchill and Nehru. After a spell as Provost of his alma mater, Queen's College, he was summoned by Bevin in 1947 to head the British delegation at the European discussions about George Marshall's proposals of aid. He helped found NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation), and became chairman of the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation. He also had the dubious distinction of having on his staff at various times Kim Philby, Guy Burgess and Donald Duart Maclean. He was made ambassador to the United States in 1948. There was one minor embarrassment early in his term. In 1948, a Washington radio station contacted ambassadors in the US capital, asking what each most wished for Christmas. The French ambassador said he would like to see peace throughout the world. The Russian ambassador wanted freedom for all people enslaved by imperialism. Sir Oliver Franks mistook the request, saying: “Well, it’s very kind of you to ask. I’d quite like a box of crystallised fruit.”[1]

When he returned to England from Washington he took up the post of Chairman of Lloyds Bank which he held only from 1954 to 1962, although he remained a director until 1975. Between 1960 and 1962 he was also chairman of Friends Provident.^[1]

Later life

Franks presented the BBC Reith Lectures in 1954. In his series of six broadcasts, titled Britain and the Tide of World Affairs, he explored the state of post-war politics, and considered Britain's changing political relationships with the rest of the world. In 1960 he came a close second to Harold Macmillan in the election of the Chancellor of Oxford University. There were 1,697 votes for Macmillan, and 1,607 votes for Franks. He was the chairman of a Commission of Inquiry at the University of Oxford in 1964-65.^[2] Between 1965 and 1984 he was the Chancellor of the University of East Anglia.

Aged 77, in 1982 he conducted an enquiry into the events leading to the Falklands War. He was Chairman of the Board of Governors, of the United Oxford Hospitals, and of the Wellcome Trust, and of the Committee on Ministerial Affairs, of the Honours Scrutiny Committee, the President Kennedy Memorial Committee, the Rhodes Trust and the Rockefeller Foundation. In 1962 he was appointed a CBE in 1942, KCB in 1946, a GCMG in 1952, Deputy Lieutenant for Oxfordshire in 1978, and was given a life peerage as Baron Franks in 1962, and received the Order of Merit in 1977. Franks died aged 87.^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Detail taken from the Obituary of Lord Franks dated 16th October 1992 in a British national newspaper.
2. ^ University of Oxford, Commission of Inquiry Evidence; University of Oxford, Hebdomadal Council, Commission of Inquiry; [Chairman, Lord Franks]. 14 vols. 1964-5

References

• Danchev, Alex, 2004, 'Franks, Oliver Shewell, Baron Franks (1905–1992)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Archibald Clark Kerr	British Ambassador to the United States 1948–1952	Succeeded by Roger Makins
Academic offices
Preceded by John Cecil Masterman	Provost of Worcester College, Oxford 1962–1976	Succeeded by Asa Briggs
Preceded by Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax	Chancellor of the University of East Anglia 1965–1984	Succeeded by Owen Chadwick

Persondata
Name	Franks, Oliver Shewell
Alternative names
Short description	Civil servant and philosopher
Date of birth	16 February 1905
Place of birth	England
Date of death	15 October 1992
Place of death