Jack Anderson

Jackson Northman Anderson (October 19, 1922 – December 17, 2005) was an American newspaper columnist and is considered one of the fathers of modern investigative journalism. Anderson won the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting for his investigation on secret American policy decision-making between the United States and Pakistan during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971.

Jack Anderson was a key and often controversial figure in reporting on J. Edgar Hoover's apparent ties to the Mafia, Watergate, the John F. Kennedy assassination, the search for fugitive ex-Nazi officials in South America and the Savings and Loan scandal. He discovered a CIA plot to assassinate Fidel Castro, and has also been credited for breaking the Iran-Contra affair, though he has said the scoop was "spiked" because he had become too close to President Ronald Reagan. Anderson was a crusader against corruption.

Anderson was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1986. In July 2004, at the age of 81, Anderson retired from his syndicated column, "Washington Merry-Go-Round." He died of complications from Parkinson's disease, survived by his wife, Olivia, and nine children.

A few months after his death, the FBI attempted to gain access to his files as part of the AIPAC case on the grounds that the information could hurt U.S. government interests.

Early life and career

Anderson was born in Long Beach, California, to a Mormon family of Swedish-Danish descent. He grew up in Salt Lake City, Utah. He served two years as a missionary in the church's Southern States Mission. His writing career began at his local newspaper, "The Murray Eagle". He joined "The Salt Lake Tribune" in 1940, where his muckraking exploits included infiltrating polygamous Mormon fundamentalist sects. He served in the U.S. armed forces during World War II in China, where he reportedly fought the Japanese alongside Chinese guerrillas and worked on the Shanghai edition of "Stars and Stripes".

After a stint as a war correspondent during 1945, he was hired by Drew Pearson for the staff of his column, the "Merry-Go-Round," which Anderson took over after Pearson's death in 1969. In its heyday, Anderson's column was the most influential and widely read in the U.S.; published in nearly a thousand newspapers, he reached an audience of 40 million.

He co-founded Citizens Against Government Waste with J. Peter Grace in 1984.

Muckraker

Anderson feuded with former FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover in the 1950s, when he exposed the scope of the Mafia, a threat that Hoover had long downplayed. Hoover's retaliation and continual harassment lasted into the 1970s.Fact|date=April 2007 Hoover once described Anderson as "lower than the regurgitated filth of vultures."cite journal
author = Bennett, Brian and Thompson, Mark
year = 2006
month = May
title = A Reporter's Last Battle
journal = Time
issue = May 1, 2006
pages = 29
url = http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1186576,00.html]

Anderson had the temerity to investigate the man who had been (often illegally) investigating all kinds of citizens. Anderson told his staff, "Let's do to Hoover what he does to others." [ [http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=11550 Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations] ] Anderson's investigations were a tipping point in the attitude of the public and the press towards Hoover. Prior to Anderson's exposés few people of stature had dared to publicly criticize Hoover. After Anderson, many followed suit, and the man who had been the public persona of exemplary law enforcement became exposed for his failures and questionable activities in the areas of organized crime and civil rights, many of which were of questionable legality.

Anderson grew close to Joseph McCarthy, and the two exchanged information from sources,Fact|date=April 2007 but when Pearson went after McCarthy, Anderson reluctantly followed at first, then actively assisted with the eventual downfall of his one-time friend.

In the mid-1960s, Anderson exposed the corruption of Senator Thomas J. Dodd, unearthed a memo by an ITT executive admitting the company paid off Richard Nixon's campaign to stymie anti-trust prosecution. His reporting on Nixon-ITT corruption earned him a place on the master list of Nixon political opponents.

Anderson collaborated with Pearson on "The Case Against Congress," published in 1969.

In 1972, in an overlooked nadir of American political history, Anderson was the target of an aborted assassination plot in the White House. Two Nixon administration conspirators admitted under oath they plotted to poison Anderson on orders from White House aide Jeb Magruder. [Feldstein, Mark. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A19730-2004Jul27.html "The Last Muckraker"] , "The Washington Post", July 28, 2004. Accessed April 2, 2008.] White House "plumbers" G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt met with a CIA operative to discuss the possibilities, including drugging Anderson with LSD, poisoning his aspirin bottle, or staging a fatal mugging. [cite book
author = Liddy, G Gordon
year = 1996
title = Will
publisher = St. Martins Press
pages = 208-211.] The conspirators were never ordered to proceed, and the plot aborted, when the plotters were arrested as a result of the Watergate break-in. Nixon had long been angry with Anderson, blaming the columnist for his loss of the 1960 presidential election, because of an election-eve story about a secret loan from Howard Hughes to Nixon's brother. [ [http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/books/2000/0001.feldstein.html "Getting the Scoop" by Mark Feldstein ] ]

According to the family jewels documents, in 1974, during the Indo-Pakistani War, the director of the CIA, Richard Helms, put Anderson under tap. Jack Anderson had written two articles on assassination attempts on Castro through John Roselli. [ [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB222/family_jewels_wh1.pdf Memo of conversation] , January 3, 1975, between President Gerald Ford, William Colby, etc., made available by the National Security Archive.]

Anderson's unorthodox methods of obtaining news stories were influenced by his Mormon faith, viewing investigative reporting as a noble calling from God.Fact|date=April 2007

In addition to his notable discoveries and breaking coverage, Anderson's reporting has included several notable mistakes and compelled retractions. Notably, during the 1972 presidential race, he accused Democratic Vice-Presidential nominee Thomas Eagleton of multiple drunk driving arrests. Anderson subsequently retracted the accusations. [ [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/18/AR2006041801943_pf.html "Moving to the Right"] by Howard Kurz 'The Washington Post' (April 19 2006) ]

Among Anderson's "legmen" — reporters who actually went out into the field and gathered the information, forwarding it on to writers such as Anderson — was Brit Hume, later a reporter for ABC News and Washington managing editor for Fox News Channel.

Anderson remained a target of FBI investigation even after his death. In February 2006, the FBI contacted Anderson's family to obtain his files and search for classified documents.cite journal
author = Carlson, Scott
year = 2006
month = April
title = George Washington U. to Receive Jack Anderson Papers -- but FBI Wants to See Them First
journal = Chronicle of Higher Education
issue = April 11, 2006
url = http://chronicle.com/free/2006/04/2006041801n.htm] The FBI agents claimed to be looking for documents pertaining to American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) as part of an espionage investigation. In November 2006, the FBI quietly gave up its pursuit of the archive. The archive, as revealed in "The Chronicle of Higher Education", contains Anderson's CIA file, along with information about prominent public figures such as Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Thomas Dodd, and J. Edgar Hoover.cite journal
author = Carlson, Scott
year = 2007
month = March
title = In Jack Anderson's Papers, a Hidden History of Washington
journal = Chronicle of Higher Education
issue = March 16, 2007
url = http://chronicle.com/free/v53/i28/28a01601.htm]

Notable quotes

* "The incestuous relationship between government and big business thrives in the dark." [http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/j/jack_anderson.html] Jack Anderson
* "I don't like to hurt people, I really don't like it at all. But in order to get a red light at the intersection, you sometimes have to have an accident." [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/17/AR2005121700521.html] Jack Anderson, 1972
* "Let's do to Hoover what he does to others." (Instructions to his staff about investigating FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover) Jack Anderson. Source: [http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=11550 Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations]

Books

*"The Anderson Papers", (about the activities of Richard Nixon and J. Edgar Hoover), 1973
*"The Case against Congress" (with Drew Pearson), 1969
*"Confessions of a Muckraker" (memoir), 1979
*"Peace, War and Politics: An Eyewitness Account" (autobiography), 1999
*"Control", 1989
*"The Japan Conspiracy", 1993 (similar to, but faster-moving story than, Michael Crichton's "Rising Sun"
*"Millennium", 1995

Other books

*"Poisoning The Press: Richard Nixon, Jack Anderson, and the Rise of Washington's Scandal Culture" Mark Feldstein, TBA
*"Inside The NRA, Armed and Dangerous" 1996

ee also

*Richard Behar
*Gary Webb

Notes

External links

* [http://www.nndb.com/people/924/000022858/ NNDB profile]
* [http://hnn.us/roundup/comments/6624.html HNN.us] - 'Goodbye Jack Anderson ... We'll Miss You', Mark Feldstein, "Houston Chronicle" (July 31, 2004)
* [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAandersonJ.htm SchoolNet.co.uk] - 'Jack Anderson' (biography)
* [http://www.hardnewscafe.usu.edu/archive/sept99/0922_jack1.html USU.edu] - Jack Anderson speech, Utah State University (September 22, 1999)
* [http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/books/2000/0001.feldstein.html WashingtonMonthly.com] - 'Getting the Scoop: Memories from Journalism's Golden Age' Mark Feldstein, "Washington Monthly"
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/17/AR2005121701223_pf.html "Jack Anderson: Gentleman With a Rake"] , "Washington Post", by Howard Kurtz
* [http://prorev.com/anderson.htm "Jack Anderson: An American Original"] by Sally Denton
* [http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0551,waas,71144,2.html "Jack Anderson: An Appreciation"] "Village Voice", Oct. 19, 2005, by Murray Waas.
*cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/18/national/18anderson.html?ex=1292562000&en=3ad2086bfc4ddae7&ei=5090|title=Jack Anderson, Investigative Journalist Who Angered the Powerful, Dies at 83|date=December 18, 2005|publisher=The New York Times
*findagrave|12713202 Retrieved on 2008-02-07
* [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06/04/26/1438241 Democracy Now!] FBI Seeks to Seize Control of Files of Deceased Investigative Journalist Jack Anderson (April 26, 2006)