PARN

Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (deadenylation nuclease)
PDB rendering based on 1whv.
Available structures PDB 2A1R, 2A1S, 3CTR
Identifiers
Symbols	PARN; DAN
External IDs	OMIM: 604212 MGI: 1921358 HomoloGene: 31098 GeneCards: PARN Gene
EC number	3.1.13.4
Gene Ontology Molecular function • nucleotide binding • RNA binding • mRNA 3'-UTR binding • nuclease activity • exonuclease activity • poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity • protein binding • hydrolase activity • metal ion binding Cellular component • nucleus • nucleolus • cytoplasm • cytosol Biological process • nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay • nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay • nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening • mRNA catabolic process • female gamete generation • RNA modification • RNA metabolic process • mRNA metabolic process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	5073	74108
Ensembl	ENSG00000140694	ENSMUSG00000022685
UniProt	O95453	Q3TUQ8
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001134477.1	NM_028761.3
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001127949.1	NP_083037.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 16: 14.53 – 14.72 Mb	Chr 16: 13.54 – 13.67 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN also known as polyadenylate-specific ribonuclease or as deadenylating nuclease is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PARN gene.^[1][2]

Function

Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs. The amino acid sequence of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease shows homology to the RNase D family of 3'-exonucleases. The protein appears to be localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is not stably associated with polysomes or ribosomal subunits.^[2]

References

1. ^ Buiting K, Korner C, Ulrich B, Wahle E, Horsthemke B (May 2000). "The human gene for the poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) maps to 16p13 and has a truncated copy in the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome region on 15q11→q13". Cytogenet Cell Genet 87 (1–2): 125–31. doi:10.1159/000015378. PMID 10640832. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "Entrez Gene: PARN poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (deadenylation nuclease)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5073. 

Further reading

• Körner CG, Wahle E (1997). "Poly(A) tail shortening by a mammalian poly(A)-specific 3'-exoribonuclease". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (16): 10448–56. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.16.10448. PMID 9099687. 
• Körner CG, Wormington M, Muckenthaler M, et al. (1998). "The deadenylating nuclease (DAN) is involved in poly(A) tail removal during the meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes". EMBO J. 17 (18): 5427–37. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.18.5427. PMC 1170868. PMID 9736620. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1170868. 
• Dehlin E, Wormington M, Körner CG, Wahle E (2000). "Cap-dependent deadenylation of mRNA". EMBO J. 19 (5): 1079–86. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.5.1079. PMC 305646. PMID 10698948. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=305646. 
• Martinez J, Ren YG, Thuresson AC, et al. (2000). "A 54-kDa fragment of the Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease is an oligomeric, processive, and cap-interacting Poly(A)-specific 3' exonuclease". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (31): 24222–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001705200. PMID 10801819. 
• Gao M, Fritz DT, Ford LP, Wilusz J (2000). "Interaction between a Poly(A)-Specific Ribonuclease and the 5′ Cap Influences mRNA Deadenylation Rates In Vitro". Mol. Cell 5 (3): 479–88. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80442-6. PMC 2811581. PMID 10882133. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2811581. 
• Gao M, Wilusz CJ, Peltz SW, Wilusz J (2001). "A novel mRNA-decapping activity in HeLa cytoplasmic extracts is regulated by AU-rich elements". EMBO J. 20 (5): 1134–43. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.5.1134. PMC 145468. PMID 11230136. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=145468. 
• Martînez J, Ren YG, Nilsson P, et al. (2001). "The mRNA cap structure stimulates rate of poly(A) removal and amplifies processivity of degradation". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (30): 27923–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102270200. PMID 11359775. 
• Copeland PR, Wormington M (2001). "The mechanism and regulation of deadenylation: identification and characterization of Xenopus PARN". RNA 7 (6): 875–86. doi:10.1017/S1355838201010020. PMC 1370141. PMID 11424938. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1370141. 
• Chen CY, Gherzi R, Ong SE, et al. (2002). "AU binding proteins recruit the exosome to degrade ARE-containing mRNAs". Cell 107 (4): 451–64. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00578-5. PMID 11719186. 
• Ren YG, Martínez J, Virtanen A (2002). "Identification of the active site of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease by site-directed mutagenesis and Fe(2+)-mediated cleavage". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (8): 5982–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111515200. PMID 11742007. 
• Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, et al. (2002). "Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus". Curr. Biol. 12 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9. PMID 11790298. 
• Scherl A, Couté Y, Déon C, et al. (2003). "Functional Proteomic Analysis of Human Nucleolus". Mol. Biol. Cell 13 (11): 4100–9. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-05-0271. PMC 133617. PMID 12429849. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=133617. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Lai WS, Kennington EA, Blackshear PJ (2003). "Tristetraprolin and Its Family Members Can Promote the Cell-Free Deadenylation of AU-Rich Element-Containing mRNAs by Poly(A) Ribonuclease". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (11): 3798–812. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.11.3798-3812.2003. PMC 155217. PMID 12748283. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=155217. 
• Lejeune F, Li X, Maquat LE (2003). "Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in mammalian cells involves decapping, deadenylating, and exonucleolytic activities". Mol. Cell 12 (3): 675–87. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00349-6. PMID 14527413. 
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. 
• Gherzi R, Lee KY, Briata P, et al. (2004). "A KH domain RNA binding protein, KSRP, promotes ARE-directed mRNA turnover by recruiting the degradation machinery". Mol. Cell 14 (5): 571–83. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.05.002. PMID 15175153. 
• Lehner B, Sanderson CM (2004). "A Protein Interaction Framework for Human mRNA Degradation". Genome Res. 14 (7): 1315–23. doi:10.1101/gr.2122004. PMC 442147. PMID 15231747. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=442147. 
• Ren YG, Kirsebom LA, Virtanen A (2005). "Coordination of divalent metal ions in the active site of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (47): 48702–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M403858200. PMID 15358788.