Zinc dependent phospholipase C

Pfam_box
Symbol = Zn_dep_PLPC
Name = Zinc dependent phospholipase C

Zinc dependent prokaryotic phospholipases C is a family of bacterial phospholipases C, some of which are also known as alpha toxins.

"Bacillus cereus" contains a monomeric phospholipase C EC number|3.1.4.3 (PLC) of 245 amino-acid residues. Although PLC prefers to acton phosphatidylcholine, it also shows weak catalytic activity with sphingomyelin and phosphatidylinositolcite journal |author=Nakamura S, Yamada A, Tsukagoshi N, Udaka S, Sasaki T, Makino S, Little C, Tomita M, Ikezawa H |title=Nucleotide sequence and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene coding for sphingomyelinase of Bacillus cereus |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=175 |issue=2 |pages=213–220 |year=1988 |pmid=2841128 |doi=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14186.x] . Sequence studies have shown the protein to be similar both to alpha toxin from"Clostridium perfringens" and "Clostridium bifermentans", a phospholipase C involved in haemolysis and cell rupturecite journal |author=Titball RW, Rubidge T, Hunter SE, Martin KL, Morris BC, Shuttleworth AD, Anderson DW, Kelly DC |title=Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the alpha-toxin (phospholipase C) of Clostridium perfringens |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=367–376 |year=1989 |pmid=2536355] , and to lecithinase from "Listeria monocytogenes", which aids cell-to-cell spread by breaking down the 2-membrane vacuoles that surround the bacterium during transfercite journal |author=Kocks C, Dramsi S, Ohayon H, Geoffroy C, Mengaud J, Cossart P, Vazquez-Boland JA |title=Nucleotide sequence of the lecithinase operon of Listeria monocytogenes and possible role of lecithinase in cell-to-cell spread |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=219–230 |year=1992 |pmid=1309513] .

Each of these proteins is a zinc-dependent enzyme, binding 3 zinc ions per moleculecite journal |author=Titball RW, Rubidge T |title=The role of histidine residues in the alpha toxin of Clostridium perfringens |journal=FEMS Microbiol. Lett. |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=261–265
year=1990 |pmid=2111259] . The enzymes catalyse the conversion of phosphatidylcholine and water to 1,2-diacylglycerol and choline phosphate.

In Bacillus cereus, there are nine residues known to be involved in binding the zinc ions: 5 His, 2 Asp, 1 Glu and 1 Trp. These residues are all conserved in the "Clostridium" alpha-toxin.

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