Actinin, alpha 2

Actinin, alpha 2, also known as ACTN2, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ACTN2 actinin, alpha 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=88| accessdate = ]

PBB_Summary
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summary_text = Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a muscle-specific, alpha actinin isoform that is expressed in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. Transcript variants resulting from the use of multiple poly_A sites have been observed.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ACTN2 actinin, alpha 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=88| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Faulkner G, Lanfranchi G, Valle G |title=Telethonin and other new proteins of the Z-disc of skeletal muscle. |journal=IUBMB Life |volume=51 |issue= 5 |pages= 275–82 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11699871 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Beggs AH, Byers TJ, Knoll JH, "et al." |title=Cloning and characterization of two human skeletal muscle alpha-actinin genes located on chromosomes 1 and 11. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 13 |pages= 9281–8 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1339456 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Beggs AH, Phillips HA, Kozman H, "et al." |title=A (CA)n repeat polymorphism for the human skeletal muscle alpha-actinin gene ACTN2 and its localization on the linkage map of chromosome 1. |journal=Genomics |volume=13 |issue= 4 |pages= 1314–5 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1505962 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Yürüker B, Niggli V |title=Alpha-actinin and vinculin in human neutrophils: reorganization during adhesion and relation to the actin network. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=101 ( Pt 2) |issue= |pages= 403–14 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1629252 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Pavalko FM, LaRoche SM |title=Activation of human neutrophils induces an interaction between the integrin beta 2-subunit (CD18) and the actin binding protein alpha-actinin. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=151 |issue= 7 |pages= 3795–807 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8104223 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Yoshida M, Westlin WF, Wang N, "et al." |title=Leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium induces E-selectin linkage to the actin cytoskeleton. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=133 |issue= 2 |pages= 445–55 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8609175 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Wyszynski M, Lin J, Rao A, "et al." |title=Competitive binding of alpha-actinin and calmodulin to the NMDA receptor. |journal=Nature |volume=385 |issue= 6615 |pages= 439–42 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9009191 |doi= 10.1038/385439a0
*cite journal | author=Mukai H, Toshimori M, Shibata H, "et al." |title=Interaction of PKN with alpha-actinin. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 8 |pages= 4740–6 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9030526 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Young P, Ferguson C, Bañuelos S, Gautel M |title=Molecular structure of the sarcomeric Z-disk: two types of titin interactions lead to an asymmetrical sorting of alpha-actinin. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=17 |issue= 6 |pages= 1614–24 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9501083 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/17.6.1614
*cite journal | author=Zhang S, Ehlers MD, Bernhardt JP, "et al." |title=Calmodulin mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. |journal=Neuron |volume=21 |issue= 2 |pages= 443–53 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9728925 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Krupp JJ, Vissel B, Thomas CG, "et al." |title=Interactions of calmodulin and alpha-actinin with the NR1 subunit modulate Ca2+-dependent inactivation of NMDA receptors. |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=19 |issue= 4 |pages= 1165–78 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9952395 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Zhou Q, Ruiz-Lozano P, Martone ME, Chen J |title=Cypher, a striated muscle-restricted PDZ and LIM domain-containing protein, binds to alpha-actinin-2 and protein kinase C. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 28 |pages= 19807–13 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10391924 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Faulkner G, Pallavicini A, Formentin E, "et al." |title=ZASP: a new Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=146 |issue= 2 |pages= 465–75 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10427098 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Tiso N, Majetti M, Stanchi F, "et al." |title=Fine mapping and genomic structure of ACTN2, the human gene coding for the sarcomeric isoform of alpha-actinin-2, expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=265 |issue= 1 |pages= 256–9 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10548523 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1661
*cite journal | author=Nikolopoulos SN, Spengler BA, Kisselbach K, "et al." |title=The human non-muscle alpha-actinin protein encoded by the ACTN4 gene suppresses tumorigenicity of human neuroblastoma cells. |journal=Oncogene |volume=19 |issue= 3 |pages= 380–6 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10656685 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1203310
*cite journal | author=Galliano MF, Huet C, Frygelius J, "et al." |title=Binding of ADAM12, a marker of skeletal muscle regeneration, to the muscle-specific actin-binding protein, alpha -actinin-2, is required for myoblast fusion. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 18 |pages= 13933–9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10788519 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Maruoka ND, Steele DF, Au BP, "et al." |title=alpha-actinin-2 couples to cardiac Kv1.5 channels, regulating current density and channel localization in HEK cells. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=473 |issue= 2 |pages= 188–94 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10812072 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kotaka M, Kostin S, Ngai S, "et al." |title=Interaction of hCLIM1, an enigma family protein, with alpha-actinin 2. |journal=J. Cell. Biochem. |volume=78 |issue= 4 |pages= 558–65 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10861853 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Parast MM, Otey CA |title=Characterization of palladin, a novel protein localized to stress fibers and cell adhesions. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=150 |issue= 3 |pages= 643–56 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10931874 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Faulkner G, Pallavicini A, Comelli A, "et al." |title=FATZ, a filamin-, actinin-, and telethonin-binding protein of the Z-disc of skeletal muscle. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 52 |pages= 41234–42 |year= 2001 |pmid= 10984498 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M007493200

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