Beta defensin

Pfam_box
Symbol = Defensin_beta
Name = Beta defensin

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width =200
caption =
Pfam= PF00711
InterPro= IPR001855
SMART=
Prosite =
SCOP = 1bnb
TCDB =
OPM family= 56
OPM protein= 1ut3
PDB=PDB3|1ijuC:33-68 PDB3|1kj5A:33-68 PDB3|1ijvB:33-68PDB3|1e4sA:33-68 PDB3|1e4tA:27-60 PDB3|1kj6A:29-64PDB3|1e4rA:27-60 PDB3|1fd4L:27-62 PDB3|1fd3C:27-62PDB3|1fqqA:27-62 PDB3|1e4qA:28-62 PDB3|1bnb :2-36PDB3|1ut3A:1-35

Beta defensins are a family of mammalian defensins. The beta defensins are antimicrobial peptides implicated in theresistance of epithelial surfaces to microbial colonization.

Defensins are 2-6 kDa, cationic, microbicidal peptides active against many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and enveloped virusescite journal |author=Selsted ME, White SH, Wimley WC |title=Structure, function, and membrane integration of defensins |journal=Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=521–527 |year=1995 |doi=10.1016/0959-440X(95)80038-7 |unused_data=|pmid=8528769] , containing three pairs of intramolecular disulfide bonds. On the basis of their size and pattern of disulfide bonding, mammalian defensins are classified into alpha, beta and theta categories. Every mammalian species explored thus far has beta-defensins. In cows, as many as 13 beta-defensins exist in neutrophils. However, in other species, beta-defensins are more often produced by epithelial cells lining various organs (e.g. the epidermis, bronchial tree and genitourinary tract).

Human, rabbit and guinea-pig beta-defensins, as well as human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2), induce the activation and degranulation of mast cells, resulting in the release of histamine and prostaglandin D2. cite journal |author=Bensch KW, Raida M, Mägert HJ, Schulz-Knappe P, Forssmann WG |title=hBD-1: a novel beta-defensin from human plasma |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=368 |issue=2 |pages=331–5 |year=1995 |month=July |pmid=7628632 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(95)00687-5]

Human proteins containing this domain

DEFB1; DEFB103A; DEFB105A; DEFB105B; DEFB108B; DEFB109; DEFB110; DEFB111;
DEFB114; DEFB130; DEFB136; DEFB4; SPAG11A;

References

Further reading

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